Dostarlimab 500mg/10ml solution for infusion vials

Abstract Dostarlimab-gxly, a monoclonal anti–PD-1 antibody, has been recognized as being effective for rectal cancer in patients whose tumors are mismatch repair deficient. Even though promising preliminary clinical results have been obtained, further critical appraisal of the efficacy, safety, and use of this drug among the broader spectrum of patients will be required. To bridge this knowledge gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted involving literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2018 to November 2024. The studies that were analyzed based on these primary metrics were complete clinical response (cCR), pathologic complete response (pCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profile. The process of screening and filtering of abstracts from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science generated 1,246 abstracts, of which 28 were included in the final analysis of dostarlimab-gxly treated patients, who totaled 1,567. Results demonstrated a pooled complete response rate of 32.5%, with notably higher pCR rates in deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors compared to mismatch repair-proficient tumors. Patients who received dostarlimab-gxly with radiotherapy or chemotherapy showed higher response rates but increased risks of toxicity. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, diarrhea, and immune-related colitis. The meta-analysis put emphasis on large improvements in PFS and OS compared to control treatments. Dostarlimab-gxly represents a possible alternative treatment strategy for rectal cancer, predominantly effective in the dMMR context. Given its generally balanced safety profile, it is paramount to remain ever vigilant for potential immune-related adverse events. Future work should concentrate on making combination therapies maximally effective, establishing predictive biomarkers, and performing extensive research to further reinforce these findings.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Objectives: Tissue-agnostic oncology personalizes treatments based on shared molecular biomarkers, addressing challenges like assay variability, control-arm rigor, and non-proportional hazards. Integrating efficacy, safety, and resistance factors with consistent estimands is essential for evaluating biomarker-matched therapies across histologies. This review aims to quantify and compare their efficacy and safety, and to identify determinants of resistance, using PRISMA-compliant methods. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of 38 studies (15,018 participants), employing dual screening, standardized bias assessment, and evaluations of heterogeneity and small-study effects. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for time-to-event outcomes, and restricted mean survival times were used when the proportional hazards assumption was violated. Results: Trastuzumab deruxtecan improved objective response rates and extended progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers and in HER2-low metastatic breast cancer, showing longer response durations. In metastatic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), PD-1 blockade significantly increased PFS and five-year OS despite crossover, with restricted mean survival time gains of about 11 months. In endometrial cancer, dostarlimab combined with chemotherapy improved PFS in both dMMR/MSI-H and mismatch repair-proficient disease and increased OS overall. Encorafenib-based therapies reduced progression and death in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer. Safety profiles were class-specific: PD-1 inhibitors caused fewer grade 3 or higher adverse events than chemotherapy, whereas trastuzumab deruxtecan was associated with increased interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pneumonitis and higher rates of treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: Biomarker-matched therapies confer significant survival benefits with predictable toxicities. Confidence is strongest for PD-1 inhibitors in MSI-H/dMMR tumors, trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-low or HER2-positive cancers, and encorafenib-based regimens in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer. Implementation should include validated assays (including reconfirmation of HER2 status), prioritize earlier treatment lines where gains are greatest, and require vigilant ILD monitoring. Head-to-head trials and assay standardization, especially for tumor mutational burden, remain priorities.

Abstract licence: CC BY