Dipotassium clorazepate 7.5mg capsules

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, but their association with suicidal/self-injurious behavior is conflicting. This study investigated the relationship between BZDs and suicidal and self-injurious behavior, by analyzing data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. We analyzed FDA Adverse Event Reporting System data from January 2004 and March 2025, to analyze adverse events (AEs) associated with suicidal and self-injurious behavior in BZDs. Thirty-eight BZDs were initially identified via the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code System. After excluding 26 BZDs with insufficient psychiatric disorder-related AEs (<50 reports), 12 (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, potassium clorazepate, lorazepam, bromazepam, clobazam, alprazolam, flurazepam, triazolam, temazepam, and midazolam) were retained for disproportionality analysis using zolpidem as a control. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) were calculated, and subgroup analysis assessed risk variations by age and gender. Among 52,767 psychiatric disorders AEs, 9474 (17.95%) involved suicidal and self-injurious behaviors. Compared to zolpidem, diazepam (ROR = 1.38), chlordiazepoxide (ROR = 1.62), oxazepam (ROR = 2.14), lorazepam (ROR = 1.11), alprazolam (ROR = 1.64), flurazepam (ROR = 3.26) triazolam (ROR = 1.68), and temazepam (ROR = 1.72) showed significantly elevated risks, while clobazam (ROR = 0.46) and midazolam (ROR = 0.37) demonstrated protective effects. Subgroup analyses revealed higher risks in females using diazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam and temazepam. Adults <65 years who used potassium clorazepate, lorazepam, clobazam, alprazolam, or triazolam faced a significantly higher suicide-related risk than those ≥65 years. Compared to zolpidem, BZDs demonstrate varied suicide-related risks, which necessitated personalized risk-benefit evaluations and increased monitoring for high-risk agents such as flurazepam and alprazolam.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

Given the increasing concern about the presence of emerging contaminants in wastewater and their persistence in the environment, this study aimed to assess the effects of two anxiolytic pharmaceuticals commonly used in human therapy—Tranxilium (dipotassium clorazepate) and Zolpidem (zolpidem tartrate)—on plant development. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were selected as the biotest species. Phytotoxicity assays were also performed on Raphanus sativus. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using different concentrations of both pharmaceuticals, and several physiological and growth parameters were evaluated, including the germination rate, biomass accumulation, SPAD index, and spectrophotometrically measured contents of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and carotenoids. The results indicated that both pharmaceuticals can affect plant growth, with stimulatory effects at intermediate concentrations and phytotoxic effects at higher levels. These findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of emerging contaminants on agricultural ecosystems and their potential risks to environmental and human health.

Abstract licence: CC BY