Dichlorobenzyl alcohol 1.2mg / Amylmetacresol 600microgram lozenges

BackgroundAcute sore throat (pharyngitis) is one of the most common illnesses for which children are seen by primary care physicians. Most cases are caused by viruses and are benign and self-limiting. Clinically proven, over-the-counter throat lozenges provide rapid and effective relief of acute sore throat symptoms, and are increasingly important in self-management of this condition.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN34958871) was to evaluate the acceptability of two licensed, commercially available sore throat lozenges containing amylmetacresol and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl (AMC/DCBA)—one strawberry flavored and the other orange flavored—in healthy children.Study designThis was an open-label, single-dose, crossover, taste-testing study in children recruited via a clinical database and advertisements over a 3.5-week period.SettingPotentially eligible participants were invited to attend the taste-testing session at a clinic.ParticipantsAt the screening session, which took place either before or on the day of taste testing, details of relevant medical history, medication, and demographics were recorded. Of the 108 screened subjects, 102 were recruited. These were healthy male and female children aged 6–12 years.InterventionEach child cleansed their palate with water and water biscuits before tasting a strawberry-flavored lozenge (Strepsils® strawberry sugar free, Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare Limited, Nottingham, UK; PL 00063/0395), which was sucked for 1 minute and then expelled. The orange-flavored lozenge (Strepsils® orange with vitamin C, Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare Limited, Nottingham, UK; PL 016242152) was tasted at least 15 minutes later following further cleansing of the palate. The spontaneous reaction of the child on tasting each lozenge was observed and recorded. Subjects were asked to indicate their liking for each lozenge, using a 7-point hedonic facial scale, and were required to answer a series of questions relating to what they liked and disliked about the taste and the feel of the lozenge in the mouth and throat. The primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with a hedonic facial score of >4. Secondary endpoints included the spontaneous reaction of the child on tasting the lozenge and responses to questions related to taste.ResultsThe taste of the lozenge was scored >4 (i.e. ‘good’, ‘really good’, or ‘super good’) by 85.3 % of subjects for the strawberry flavor and 49.0 % for the orange flavor (p < 0.0001). The mean (standard deviation) score was 5.72 (1) for the strawberry-flavored lozenge and 4.35 (2) for the orange-flavored lozenge. The proportion of subjects willing to take the lozenge again was 94 % for the strawberry flavor and 56 % for the orange flavor.ConclusionsStrawberry-flavored AMC/DCBA lozenges were liked by, and acceptable to, the majority of the children. AMC/DCBA orange-flavored lozenges were also liked by, and acceptable to, approximately half the children. Overall, both strawberry and orange would be suitable flavors for lozenges intended for children when they suffer from sore throat.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC 2.5

Abstract: Up to 80% of sore throats are caused by viruses. Several over the counter products are available which provide symptomatic, not causal relief. For such lozenges, containing the antiseptics and local anesthetics amylmetacresol (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) or hexylresorcinol (HR), recently an additional virucidal effect was published. Therefore, we tested a set of Strepsils ® lozenges, containing either HR (Max [#2]) or AMC/DCBA (Original [#3], Extra Strong [#4], Warm [#5], Orange and Vitamin C [#6], Sugar free Lemon [#7], Children/Strawberry [#8] and Soothing Honey and Lemon [#9]) for their antiviral efficiency against representatives of respiratory viruses known to cause sore throat: human rhinovirus (HRV) 1a, HRV8, influenza virus A H1N1n, Coxsackievirus A10, and human coronavirus (hCoV) OC43. The lozenges were tested head to head with Coldamaris ® lozenges (#1), which contain the patented antiviral iota-carrageenan. None of the tested AMC/DCBA or HR containing lozenges shows any antiviral effectiveness against HRV8 at the tested concentrations, whereas all are moderately active against HRV1a. Only lozenge #5 shows any activity against hCoV OC43 and Coxsackievirus A10 at the tested concentrations. Similarly, only lozenge #3 is moderately active against influenza A H1N1n virus. The data indicates that neither the isolated effect of the active ingredients nor the pH but rather one or more of the excipients of the specific formulations are responsible for the antiviral effect of some of the AMC/DCBA or HR containing lozenges. In contrast, carrageenan-containing lozenges are highly active against all viruses tested. In another experiment, we showed that binding and inactivation of virus particles by iota-carrageenan are fast and highly effective. During the residence time of the lozenge in the mouth, the viral titer is reduced by 85% and 91% for influenza A virus and hCoV OC43, respectively. Carrageenan-containing lozenges are, therefore, suitable as causative therapy against viral infections of the throat. Keywords: local anesthetics, polymer, antiviral, respiratory viruses

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC 3.0

Abstract [C25H20Cl2P]2+ 2[MnCl4]2−, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 19.2119(2) Å, b = 18.6383(2) Å, c = 27.3205(3) Å, V = 9782.85(18) Å3, Z = 8, R gt (F) = 0.0537, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1478, T = 301 K.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Alkylated phenols hold significant importance in industrial chemistry, as many pharmaceuticals and polymer additives are based on these scaffolds. However, synthesizing these products in a sustainable way is still challenging because stoichiometric amounts of Lewis acids to promote Friedel-Crafts reactions on benzene and phenol derivatives are often employed, together with drastic and unsafe reaction conditions. In this paper, we present a regioselective process to produce ortho-alkylated phenols, with high atom- and step-economy that minimizes the formation of waste associated with it. The key role is pursued by the dual catalytic system palladium on carbon (Pd/C) and scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc-(OTf)3), which together promote the partial hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexenone, while the alcohol is oxidized to aldehyde. The so-formed partners couple in an aldol condensation promoted by Sc-(OTf)3, which is then rearomatized in the air atmosphere. Amylmetacresol (antiseptic) was successfully obtained with this protocol in a one-step synthesis for the first time. Moreover, this process permits the recovery and reuse of the Pd/C catalyst for up to 5 runs. This paved the way for the development of a gram scale-up flow protocol associated with this strategy in an innovative tube-in-tube setup.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Abstract C25H20Cl5CuP, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 16.8258(3) Å, b = 11.0938(2) Å, c = 28.8065(4) Å, β = 106.359(2)°, V = 5159.39(16) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt (F) = 0.0418, wRref (F 2) = 0.1161, T = 293(2) K.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0