Copper gluconate 8mg tablets

Bariatric surgery is the most clinically- and cost-effective intervention for severe obesity. However, without adequate follow-up, it can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Patients require life-long nutritional supplements and follow-up to prevent nutritional deficiencies from developing. This rapid systematic review is the first synthesis of case reports of patients with vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies at least 2 years following bariatric surgery, the point at which patients are typically discharged from specialist bariatric services. Eighty-three cases (74 studies) met inclusion criteria. Female patients accounted for 84% of the reports. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) was the most common procedure to have been performed, followed by biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). The most frequently reported deficiencies were vitamin A (n = 15), copper (n = 14) and vitamin D (n = 23). In some cases, vitamin replacement led to symptom resolution, but some preceded permanent disability or death. Fifty-one case reports detailed factors contributing to the development of the deficiency. These could be divided into patient factors or health care factors and provide areas to target interventions, including support to adhere to supplementation, appropriate follow-up, and health professional awareness.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Copper is an important metal micronutrient, required for the balanced growth and normal physiological functions of human organism. Copper-related toxicity and dysbalanced metabolism were associated with the disruption of intracellular respiration and the development of various diseases, including cancer. Notably, copper-induced cell death was defined as cuproptosis which was also observed in malignant cells, representing an attractive anti-cancer instrument. Excess of intracellular copper leads to the aggregation of lipoylation proteins and toxic stress, ultimately resulting in the activation of cell death. Differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes was detected in normal and malignant tissues. Cuproptosis-related genes were also linked to the regulation of oxidative stress, immune cell responses, and composition of tumor microenvironment. Activation of cuproptosis was associated with increased expression of redox-metabolism-regulating genes, such as ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), drolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PDHB)). Accordingly, copper-activated network was suggested as an attractive target in cancer therapy. Mechanisms of cuproptosis and regulation of cuproptosis-related genes in different cancers and tumor microenvironment are discussed in this study. The analysis of current findings indicates that therapeutic regulation of copper signaling, and activation of cuproptosis-related targets may provide an effective tool for the improvement of immunotherapy regimens.

Abstract licence: CC BY