Compound zinc paste 77% / Compound benzoin tincture 3% ointment

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyze benzoin condensation, which is a unique carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction. It entails a coupling reaction between two aldehydes catalyzed by NHCs that produce a-hydroxycarbonyl compounds (acyloins). NHCs have emerged as a potent class of organocatalysts, catalyzing numerous benzoin and benzoin-type reactions. This review provides an overview of the historical development of NHCs and their application in benzoin reactions. Additionally, recent advancements in NHC catalysis, including the use of chiral NHCs, are discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of NHC catalysis for benzoin reactions and its potential for future developments in synthetic chemistry.

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. It is secreted by traumatic resin ducts after injury, which are derived from parenchymal cells in secondary xylem by schizolysigeny. Some 63 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this resin, including balsamic acid esters, lignans and terpenoids. It has a long history of applications, including as incense along with olibanum, a flavor enhancer in the food industry, materials in the daily chemistry industry as well as therapeutic uses. Up to now, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of benzoin. Other technologies, including near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR), proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), have also been used to distinguish different resins. Herein, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the production process, phytochemistry, traditional uses and quality control of benzoin and looks to the future for promoting its further research and applications.

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Long-term physical inactivity probably leads to a co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia which result in a high risk of falls, fractures, disability and even mortality. However, universally applicable and feasible approaches are lacking in the concurrent treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In this study, we evaluated the effect of strontium zinc silicate bioceramic (SZS) extract on osteoporosis and sarcopenia and explored its underlying mechanisms. Hindlimb osteoporosis and sarcopenia were established in a tail-suspended rat model. The bones were conducted μCT scanning, histological examination, and gene expression analysis, and the muscles were conducted histological examination and gene expression analysis. In vitro, the effect of SZS extract on osteoblasts was determined by alizarin red S staining, immunofluorescence and qPCR. Similarly, the effect of SZS extract on myoblasts was determined by immunofluorescence and qPCR.. At last, the role of Piezo1 and the change of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) were explored through blockading the Piezo1 by GsMTx4 in MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells, respectively. We found that SZS extract could concurrently and efficiently prevent bone structure deterioration, muscle atrophy and fibrosis in hind limbs of the tail-suspended rats. The in vivo study also showed that SZS extract could upregulate the mRNA expression of Piezo1, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of bones and muscles. In vitro study demonstrated that SZS extract could promote the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells by increasing the intracellular Ca2+ in a Piezo1-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that SZS extract could increase Piezo1-mediated intracellular Ca2+, and facilitate osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast and myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, contributing to alleviation of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in a tail-suspended rat model. The current study might provide a universally applicable and efficient strategy to treat musculoskeletal disorders based on bioactive ceramics. The verification of the role of Piezo1-modulated intracellular Ca2+ during osteogenesis and myogenesis provided a possible therapeutic target against mechanical related diseases.

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air oxidation of benzil or benzoin, aromatic aldehydes, primary amine and ammonium acetate in EtOH, as a green solvent, under reflux conditions. Additionally, environmentally friendly conditions for the preparation of the catalyst by the use of non-toxic reactants, facile procedure and high to excellent yields of the desired products as well as the use of a green solvent are some advantages of this new protocol.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC

Background/aim: The global rise in bacterial resistance poses a significant challenge, exacerbated by the overuse of antibacterial agents. Schiff base-metal complexes have gained attention for their potential antimicrobial properties, attributed to their unique three-dimensional structures and modes of action, such as cell wall inhibition and membrane disruption. The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel Schiff base (L) derived from sulfamethazine and benzoin, and to develop metal complexes of it with Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+. This research sought to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized Schiff base and its metal complexes to explore their potential as effective antimicrobial agents. Materials and methods: The compound L and its metal complexes were synthesized. The compounds were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and FTIR. Antimicrobial activities were tested on E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and C. albicans ATCC 10231. To investigate the molecular properties of compound L, density functional theory calculations were also performed. Results: The synthesized compounds (L, 1, 2, 3, 4) were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Copper-based compound 1 showed the best overall antifungal activity, while zinc-based compound 3 demonstrated notable antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa. Although all compounds outperformed L in antifungal tests, none surpassed ciprofloxacin, the reference drug, in antibacterial assays. These results highlight the potential of Schiff base-metal complexes as promising antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of Schiff base-metal complexes as effective antimicrobial agents in response to the growing challenge of bacterial resistance. The synthesized Schiff base (L) and metal complexes of it with Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activities, with copper-based compound 1 showing the most potent antifungal action and zinc-based compound 3 demonstrating significant antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa. Although none of the compounds outperformed ciprofloxacin in antibacterial assays, all were more effective than the parent Schiff base in antifungal tests. These findings suggest that Schiff base-metal complexes, particularly copper and zinc derivatives, hold considerable promise for developing new antimicrobial agents. Further optimization and testing could enhance their clinical application in combating resistant infections.

Abstract licence: CC BY

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and comparative analysis of pure Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Silver-doped ZnO (Ag-ZnO), Copper-doped ZnO (Cu-ZnO), and silver-Copper co-doped ZnO (Ag-Cu-ZnO) nanomaterials, synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Structural, optical, and antibacterial properties were thoroughly investigated. The average crystallite size was found to be from ~ 22.7 nm to ~ 32.7 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated improved light absorption in the visible range for doped samples, with the optical band gap decreasing from 3.19 eV for pure ZnO to 3.15 eV (Cu-ZnO), 3.09 eV (Ag-ZnO), and 3.08 eV (Ag-Cu-ZnO). Photoluminescence spectra show dynamic quenching due to the inclusion of metal doping. Antibacterial studies showed improved activity for doped samples compared to pure ZnO. The catalytic activities of these nanomaterials for alcohol oxidation were also assessed, revealing that Ag-Cu-ZnO exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency, achieving complete (100%) conversion of benzoin to benzil with a 90% isolated yield, owing to the combined effects of Ag and Cu ions. Cu-ZnO showed better activity than Ag-ZnO, achieving ~ 87% conversion, but was less effective than the co-doped sample, while pure ZnO displayed the lowest reactivity (~ 72% conversion). These findings emphasize the potential of pristine and doped ZnO nanomaterials for advanced antibacterial and catalytic applications, particularly in environmental remediation.

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A novel composite material, magnetic chitosan-clay/benzoin/Fe3O4 (CS-CY/Benz/Fe3O4), was synthesized for effectively removing thionine dye (TH) from water solutions. The structural integrity and suitability of CS- CY/Benz/Fe3O4 composite for adsorption purposes were validated through extensive characterization techniques including BET, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The adsorption efficiency was optimized through a Box–Behnken design (BBD) employing response surface methodology (RSM), focusing on variables such as adsorbent dose (A: 0.02–0.08 g), solution pH (B: 4–10), temperature (C: 30–60 °C), and time (D: 5–30 min). Experimental results revealed a maximum TH removal of 99% with significant interactions between temperature (C) and time (D) (p-value = 0.0001). The optimal conditions for TH removal were determined as pH ~ 5.91, adsorbent dosage of 0.08 g, temperature of 54.34 °C, and time of 29.7 min. The investigation of kinetics revealed that the adsorption process conformed to a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, while the equilibrium data were effectively described by the Freundlich isotherm model. At a temperature of 333.15 K and a TH concentration of 350 mg/L, the adsorption capacity was determined to be 660.86 mg/g. The mechanism of adsorption encompassed various interactions such as electrostatic attractions, n–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and Yoshida H-bonding. Particularly, the CS-CY/Benz/Fe3O4 composite demonstrated strong magnetic responsiveness, enabling straightforward separation from water using an external magnetic field after adsorption. Particularly, the CS-CY/Benz/Fe3O4 composite demonstrated strong magnetic responsiveness, enabling straightforward separation from water using an external magnetic field after adsorption. This research contributes important findings to the advancement of magnetic chitosan-based composites for efficient removal of TH dye pollutants from water environments.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND