Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
Report a side effect
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Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles for all medicines
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
Search EudraVigilance database
Browse substances A–Z in the European adverse reaction database
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF code shown is the factual mapping value distributed by NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) in the dm+d supplementary file under OGL v3.0; it is not affiliated with, nor licensed from, the publishers of the British National Formulary.
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 13 · Randomised trials: 24 · 1994–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
Rajiv Agarwal, Patrick Rossignol, Alain Romero, et al.
The Lancet, 2019
- Diuretics
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypertension
Nete Tofte, Morten Lindhardt, Katarina Adamova, et al.
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2020
- Albuminuria
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Alison Layton, E. Anne Eady, Heather Whitehouse, et al.
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2017
- Acne Vulgaris
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- Androgens
Bryan Williams, Thomas M. MacDonald, S. V. Morant, et al.
The Lancet, 2015
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- Hypertension
- Spironolactone
F. Edelmann, R. Wachter, A. Schmidt, et al.
JAMA, 2013
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- Diastole
- Echocardiography
Akshay S. Desai, Eldrin F. Lewis, Rebecca Li, et al.
American Heart Journal, 2011
- Research Design
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- Heart Failure
Léonello Cusan, André Dupont, José‐Luis Gomez, et al.
Fertility and Sterility, 1994
- Dehydroepiandrosterone
- Estradiol
- Flutamide
Chaofan Wang, Yimei Du, L. Bi, et al.
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2023
J. Cleland, J. Ferreira, B. Mariottoni, et al.
European Heart Journal, 2020
I.Lame Wong, Randy S. Morris, Laura Chang, et al.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1995
- Hair
- Hirsutism
- Hormones
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Scientific data (pharmacology, interactions, ADME) is not yet available for this medicine. Clinical sections are sourced from the NHS dm+d database.