Chondroitin sulfate 0.2%/40ml intravesical solution pre-filled syringes
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Drug safety updates
MHRA alerts for Chondroitin
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
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Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Chondroitin
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
MHRA licensed products
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Gepan Instill 0.2% bladder instillation pre-filled syringe
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 31 · Randomised trials: 4 · 1968–2025
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
F. Richy, O. Bruyère, O. Ethgen, et al.
Archives of internal medicine, 2003
S. Reichenbach, R. Sterchi, M. Scherer, et al.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2007
M. Fransen, M. Agaliotis, L. Nairn, et al.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2014
Carl C. L. Schuurmans, M. Mihajlovic, C. Hiemstra, et al.
Biomaterials, 2020
J. A. Roman-Blas, S. Castañeda, O. Sánchez-Pernaute, et al.
Arthritis & Rheumatology, 2017
ZHI Yuan, LIU Haibo, WANG Huiling, et al.
Zhongguo shipin weisheng zazhi, 2025
Mamta Bishnoi, Ankit Jain, P. Hurkat, et al.
Glycoconjugate Journal, 2016
T. Mikami, H. Kitagawa
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2013
J. Singh, S. Noorbaloochi, R. MacDonald, et al.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015
T. McAlindon, M. Lavalley, Juan P. Gulin, et al.
JAMA, 2000
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
15 hours
Mechanism
Chondroitin sulfate functions as a major component of the intricate extracellular matrix.
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
4 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
10%
[A32063]
…
Half-life
15 hours
[A32066]
…
Protein binding
0.23%
[A32070]
Volume of distribution
0.40 ml
Metabolism
[A32066]
Reports have indicated the presence in plasma of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides…
Elimination
37%
[A32063]
…
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
[L1527]
This supplement is reported to improve joint function and slow disease progression.
[L1528]
Osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive structural and metabolic changes in joint tissues, mainly cartilage degradation, subchondral bone sclerosis and inflammation of synovial membrane.
[A32066]
Studies have proposed the potential use of chondroitin sulfate as a nutraceutical in dietary supplements.
[A32065]
Known interactions with other medicines. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 734 interactions
[L1527]
On tolerability assays, it has been shown to present great safety and good tolerability without significant severe side effects.
[A32066]
The anti-inflammatory effect of chondroitin sulfate is thought to be caused by the inhibition of the synthesis of inflammatory intermediates such as the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 and prostaglandin E2. It is reported also an inhibitory activity in the toll-like receptor 4 which will later inhibit inflammatory cytokines, NFkB and MyD88. This activity suggests a modulation of the MAP kinase pathway. On the other hand, some reports have pointed out an induction on the PKC/PI3K/Akt pathway in neuroblastoma.[A32066]
The anabolic effect of chondroitin sulfate is suggested to be caused by the inhibition of metalloproteinases such as MMP-1, -3 and -13 as well as ADAMTS-4 and -5.[A32066]
It is also registered an anabolic effect of chondroitin sulfate in which it induces the synthesis of hyaluronate in synovial cells, it increases type II collagen and proteoglycan synthesis.[A32066]
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
[A32063]
The absorbed portion reaches a ratio of 10% as unchanged chondroitin sulfate and 90% as depolymerized low-molecular-weight derivatives. This absorption depends on the sulfation status. The bioavailability of chondroitin sulfate ranges from 10-20% following oral administration.
Reports have shown a consistent accumulation of the compound in joint tissue. The steady-state is attained after 3-4 days and it takes around 3-6 months to obtain the maximal effect.
[A32066]
After intramuscular administration of chondroitin sulfate, the peak plasma level of 3.8 mcg/ml was reached after 90 min. When given orally, the peak plasma concentration of 4.6 mcg/ml was reached after 240 min.
[A32068]
[A32066]
After intramuscular administration of chondroitin sulfate in humans, the elimination half-life of the chondroitin sulfate was of 275 min. When administered orally, the elimination half-life was presented at 310 min.
[A32068]
[A32070]
[A32068]
[A32066]
Reports have indicated the presence in plasma of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides with a molecular weight of less of 5 kDa which are derived from the partial digestion of exogenous chondroitin sulfate.
[A32068]
The reported degradation of chondroitin sulfate seems to be very complex and led by the formation of smaller digestion derivatives of the original form.
[L1536]
[A32063]
After intramuscular administration, about 37% of the administered dose is excreted by urine during the first 24 hours as high- and low-molecular-weight derivatives.
[A32068]
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:11152678
During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS.
The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability
PMID:8493557
Acts by binding to its coreceptor, GFRA1, leading to autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor .
PMID:10829012 PMID:25242331 PMID:31535977
Involved in the development of the neural crest PMID:15242795
PMID:35455969
Involved in protecting cells from hypoxia-mediated cell death (By similarity)
PMID:10529171 PMID:10587439 PMID:9837883
Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions .
PMID:10587439 PMID:9837883
Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils .
PMID:8195247 PMID:8627182 PMID:9792674
May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis PMID:8107690
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
ATC M01AX25
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Show
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Chondroitin sulfate
Matched from: Chondroitin
Additional database identifiers
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1033
GenAtlas
BDNF
GeneCards
BDNF
GenBank Gene Database
M37762
UniProt Accession
BDNF_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4232
GenAtlas
GDNF
GeneCards
GDNF
GenBank Gene Database
L19063
UniProt Accession
GDNF_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12680
GenAtlas
VEGF
GeneCards
VEGFA
GenBank Gene Database
M32977
GenBank Protein Database
181971
UniProt Accession
VEGFA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10618
GenAtlas
CCL2
GeneCards
CCL2
GenBank Gene Database
M24545
GenBank Protein Database
307163
UniProt Accession
CCL2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4696
GenAtlas
GUSB
GeneCards
GUSB
GenBank Gene Database
M15182
GenBank Protein Database
183233
UniProt Accession
BGLR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4879
GenAtlas
HEXB
GeneCards
HEXB
GenBank Gene Database
M13519
GenBank Protein Database
179462
UniProt Accession
HEXB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4122
GenAtlas
GALNS
GeneCards
GALNS
GenBank Gene Database
D17629
GenBank Protein Database
870751
UniProt Accession
GALNS_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5389
GeneCards
IDS
UniProt Accession
IDS_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5391
GeneCards
IDUA
UniProt Accession
IDUA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:714
GeneCards
ARSB
UniProt Accession
ARSB_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite:
- DrugBank 6.02024Recommended citationKnox C., Wilson M., Klinger C.M., et alDrugBank 6.0: the DrugBank Knowledgebase for 2024Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 552(D1):D1265-D1275
- DrugBank 5.02018Wishart D.S., Feunang Y.D., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Nov 846(D1):D1074-D1082
- DrugBank 4.02014Law V., Knox C., Djoumbou Y., et alDrugBank 4.0: shedding new light on drug metabolismNucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan 142(1):D1091-7
- DrugBank 3.02011Knox C., Law V., Jewison T., et alDrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugsNucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan39(Database issue):D1035-41
- DrugBank 2.02008Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets.Nucleic Acids Research2008 Jan36(Database issue):D901-6
- DrugBank 1.02006Wishart D.S., Knox C., Guo A.C., et alDrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration.Nucleic Acids Research2006 Jan 134(Database issue):D668-72