Chlorothiazide 225mg/5ml oral solution
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Chlorothiazide
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Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Chlorothiazide
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
WHO defined daily dose (DDD)
500 mg
Not a recommended dose. The DDD is the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. It is a statistical measure used for research and comparison purposes only.
Source: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, distributed via the NHS dm+d supplementary BNF/ATC mapping files (NHSBSA). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF code shown is the factual mapping value distributed by NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) in the dm+d supplementary file under OGL v3.0; it is not affiliated with, nor licensed from, the publishers of the British National Formulary. ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 3 · 1957–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
Ó Briain E, Byrne AO, Dowling J, et al.
2024
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Diuretics
- Infant, Premature
AimBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a respiratory complication associated with neonatal prematurity, presents opportunities for pharmacological intervention due to its contributing risk factors. Despite diuretics' controversial usage in BPD treatment and varying institutional practices, this review aims to consolidate evidence from clinical trials regarding diuretic use in BPD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science and CINAHL databases (PROSPERO 2022: CRD42022328292). Covidence facilitated screening and data extraction, followed by analysis and formatting in Microsoft Excel.ResultsAmong 430 screened records, 13 were included for analysis. Three studies assessed spironolactone and chlorothiazide combinations, two studied spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide, while eight examined furosemide. All studies evaluated drug effects on dynamic pulmonary compliance and pulmonary resistance, serving as comparative measures in our review.ConclusionDiuretics' effectiveness in treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains uncertain. The limited number of identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) hampers high-level evidence-based conclusions when applying the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) approach. Conducting large prospective studies of good quality could provide more definitive insights, but the rarity of outcomes and eligible patients poses challenges. Further research, primarily focusing on RCTs assessing diuretics' safety and efficacy in this population, is warranted.
Abstract licence: CC BY-NC
Kido K, Shimizu M, Shiga T, et al.
2025
Taylor D. Steuber, K. Janzen, Meredith L. Howard
Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 2020
James Conway, P Lauwers
Circulation, 1960
- Hemodynamics
- Hypotension
- Chlorothiazide
M. Longer, H. Ch’ng, J. Robinson
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1985
- Acrylic Resins
- Albumins
- Chemistry, Physical
B.‐A. Lamberg, B Kuhlbäck
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 1959
- Hematologic Tests
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Urinalysis
I. M. Wilson, E. Freis, M. Taylor
Circulation, 1959
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Plasma
- Extracellular Fluid
F. A. Gesek, Peter A. Friedman
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1992
- Biological Transport
- Bumetanide
- Calcium
John H. Laragh
Journal of the American Medical Association, 1958
- Chlorothiazide
- Electrolytes
- Heart Failure
Krystyna Drewnowska, C. M. Baumgarten
The American journal of physiology, 1991
- Bumetanide
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorothiazide
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
28 found
Half-life
45-120 minutes
Mechanism
As a diuretic, chlorothiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early…
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
3 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
Half-life
45-120 minutes
Protein binding
40%
Metabolism
Elimination
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1672 interactions
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:18270262 PMID:21613606 PMID:22009145 PMID:36351028 PMID:36792826
Also acts as a receptor for the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL18, thereby contributing to IL18-induced cytokine production, including IFNG, IL6, IL18 and CCL2 (By similarity). May act either independently of IL18R1, or in a complex with IL18R1 (By similarity)
PMID:10550681 PMID:16506782 PMID:16686544 PMID:16807956 PMID:17127057 PMID:17314045 PMID:17407288 PMID:18618712 PMID:19186056 PMID:19206230
Can hydrate cyanamide to urea PMID:10550681
PMID:11327835 PMID:11802772 PMID:11831900 PMID:12056894 PMID:12171926 PMID:1336460 PMID:14736236 PMID:15300855 PMID:15453828 PMID:15667203 PMID:15865431 PMID:16106378 PMID:16214338 PMID:16290146 PMID:16686544 PMID:16759856 PMID:16807956 PMID:17127057 PMID:17251017 PMID:17314045 PMID:17330962 PMID:17346964 PMID:17540563 PMID:17588751 PMID:17705204 PMID:18024029 PMID:18162396 PMID:18266323 PMID:18374572 PMID:18481843 PMID:18618712 PMID:18640037 PMID:18942852 PMID:1909891 PMID:1910042 PMID:19170619 PMID:19186056 PMID:19206230 PMID:19520834 PMID:19778001 PMID:7761440 PMID:7901850 PMID:8218160 PMID:8262987 PMID:8399159 PMID:8451242 PMID:8485129 PMID:8639494 PMID:9265618 PMID:9398308
Can also hydrate cyanamide to urea .
PMID:10550681 PMID:11015219
Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6 .
PMID:15990874
Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation .
PMID:15300855
Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:11669456 PMID:11907186 PMID:14675047 PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370 PMID:28534121 PMID:9950961
Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine .
PMID:9887087
Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins .
PMID:28534121
Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion .
PMID:11907186
Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP .
PMID:26377792
Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain .
PMID:22108572 PMID:23832370
May transport glutamate .
PMID:26377792
Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body .
PMID:11669456 PMID:14675047
Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate .
PMID:14675047 PMID:26377792
Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) .
PMID:11669456
May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier PMID:35307651
ATC C03AB04
ATC G01AE10
ATC C03AA04
ATC C03AH01
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Chlorothiazide
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
10203
ChemSpider
2619
BindingDB
39351
ZINC
ZINC000003872055
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10912
GenAtlas
SLC12A3
GeneCards
SLC12A3
GenBank Gene Database
U44128
GenBank Protein Database
1172161
UniProt Accession
S12A3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1368
GenAtlas
CA1
GeneCards
CA1
GenBank Gene Database
X05014
GenBank Protein Database
29600
Guide to Pharmacology
2597
UniProt Accession
CAH1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1373
GenAtlas
CA2
GeneCards
CA2
GenBank Gene Database
M77181
GenBank Protein Database
179780
Guide to Pharmacology
3092
UniProt Accession
CAH2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10970
GenAtlas
hROAT1
GeneCards
SLC22A6
GenBank Gene Database
AF057039
GenBank Protein Database
3831566
Guide to Pharmacology
1025
UniProt Accession
S22A6_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
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Structured knowledge from the free knowledge base
ATC classifications (Wikidata)
Linked open data from Wikidata (Q2603363), a free and open knowledge base operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Data is available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. WHO INN from the World Health Organization.