Characterised autologous human cartilage cells 4million cells/0.4ml implantation suspension vials

Background and Objectives: The aim of this review is to explore the recent surgical innovations in tracheal reconstruction by evaluating the uses of synthetic material fabrication when dealing with tracheomalacia or stenotic pathologies, then discussing the challenges holding back these innovations. Materials and Methods: A targeted non-systematic review of published literature relating to tracheal reconstruction was performed within the PubMed database to help identify how synthetic materials are utilised to innovate tracheal reconstruction. Results: The advancements in 3D printing to aid synthetic material fabrication have unveiled promising alternatives to conventional approaches. Achieving successful tracheal reconstruction through this technology demands that the 3D models exhibit biocompatibility with neighbouring tracheal elements by encompassing vasculature, chondral foundation, and immunocompatibility. Tracheal reconstruction has employed grafts and scaffolds, showing a promising beginning in vivo. Concurrently, the integration of resorbable models and stem cell therapy serves to underscore their viability and application in the context of tracheal pathologies. Despite this, certain barriers hinder its advancement in surgery. The intricate tracheal structure has posed a challenge for researchers seeking novel approaches to support its growth and regeneration. Conclusions: The potential of synthetic material fabrication has shown promising outcomes in initial studies involving smaller animals. Yet, to fully realise the applicability of these innovative developments, research must progress toward clinical trials. These trials would ascertain the anatomical and physiological effects on the human body, enabling a thorough evaluation of post-operative outcomes and any potential complications linked to the materials or cells implanted in the trachea.

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Platelet concentrates (PCs) have become widely used in veterinary and human medicine. The PCs consist mainly of supraphysiological concentrations of platelets and, therefore, growth factors (GFs) which are stored within platelet α-granules. Among PCs, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is characterised by low-density fibrin. Research on the effect of PCs in cattle has surged in recent years; in particular, evidence has shown the positive use of PRP for treating reproductive problems, in vitro production of bovine embryos, sole ulcers and udder diseases. The aim of this report is to critically review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the available literature reporting clinical application in the bovine practice of PRP. Three bibliographic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were used for a broad search of "platelet concentrates" OR "PRP" OR "platelet-rich plasma" OR "PRF" OR "platelet-rich fibrin" AND "cows" OR "cattle". From 1196 papers, only six met the inclusion criteria. Two papers described the use of PRP in mastitis, two papers in uterine dysfunction and two papers in ovarian dysfunction. PRP offered a low-cost, easily obtained therapeutic option and showed positive results for these patients. However, given the different pathologies and definitions involved, further studies are necessary to assess its full clinical potential.

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BackgroundFibrin is a biocompatible, angiogenic biomaterial widely used in soft tissue engineering, with outcomes influenced by scaffold formulation and design.AimThis systematic review evaluates how fibrin scaffold composition and design affect angiogenesis in in vitro and in vivo soft tissue models.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and OVID were searched on 28/Oct/2024. A two-step screening process by three independent researchers identified original studies on fibrin scaffolds assessing endothelial formation and/or migration. Studies without experimental data or focused solely on grafts were excluded. Data on scaffold composition, manufactured objects, cell-embedding strategies, angiogenic outcomes, and a subset of muscle-specific studies were narratively synthesised. Risk of bias (RoB) and study quality were assessed using SYRCLE's RoB tool and a modified CAMARADES checklist.Results & discussionThe 81 studies highlight the impact of scaffold composition on angiogenic outcomes, with human-derived fibrinogen and pre-embedding cells consistently supporting successful outcomes. While tube and network formation outcomes typically aligned, endothelial migration exhibited different patterns. Thrombin often contributed positively, but crosslinker effects were less clear. Muscle-focused studies mainly used hydrogels and often included non-endothelial cells.ConclusionsFibrin scaffolds are highly relevant for soft tissue engineering, with outcomes influenced by formulation, fibrinogen source, and cell embedding. However, experimental design variability and lack of standardised reporting hinder reproducibility and clinical translation. To support future research, a minimum information checklist was created to promote consistent reporting, while aggregated success rates across design parameters could guide scaffold design.Registration & fundingPROSPERO [CRD42025612994] and OSF [10.17605/osf.io/nvfdj]. No funding body was directly involved.

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