Cefradine 500mg powder for solution for injection vials

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the effect of an extract of Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea) on antibiotics-induced intestinal tract disorder and the probable therapeutic mechanisms employed by this extract to ameliorate these disorders.MethodsThree days after acclimatization, nine male and nine female specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Group C (normal saline), Group M (antibiotic: cefradine + gentamicin), and Group T (antibiotic + A. lancea extract). Each mouse in Groups M and T received intragastric (i.g.) gavage antibiotics containing cefradine and gentamicin sulfate (0.02 ml/g-1/D-1) for 7 days. A. lancea extract (0.02 ml/g-1/D-1) was administered by i.g. gavage to Group T mice for 7 days following the cessation of antibiotic therapy. Group M received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 7 days, while Group C received an equivalent volume of normal saline for 14 days. Afterwards, we collected mouse feces to assess changes in intestinal microbiota by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and metabolomics. In addition, serum samples were gathered and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LS-MS). Finally, we performed a correlation analysis between intestinal microbiota and metabolites.ResultsAfter treatment with antibiotic, the richness and diversity of the flora, numbers of wall-breaking bacteria and Bacteroidetes, and the numbers of beneficial bacteria decreased, while the numbers of harmful bacteria increased. After i.g. administration of A. lancea extract, the imbalance of microbial flora began to recover. Antibiotics primarily influence the metabolism of lipids, steroids, peptides, organic acids, and carbohydrates, with lipid compounds ranking first. Arachidonic acid (AA), arginine, and proline have relatively strong effects on the metabolisms of antibiotic-stressed mice. Our findings revealed that A. lancea extract might restore the metabolism of AA and L-methionine. The content of differential metabolites detected in the serum of Group T mice was comparable to that in the serum of Group C mice, but significantly different from that of Group M mice. Compared to putative biomarkers in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, it was found that altered metabolites, such as amino acids, glycerol, and phospholipids, were primarily associated with the metabolism.ConclusionsThe effective mechanisms of A. lancea extract in regulating the disorder of intestinal flora in mice are related to the mechanisms of A. lancea. It could relate to lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These results will provide a basis for further explaining the mechanism by which A. lancea regulats intestinal flora.

Abstract licence: CC BY

ImportanceStaphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli contribute to global health challenges by forming biofilms, a key virulence element implicated in the pathogenesis of several infections.ObjectiveThe study examined the efficacy of various generations of cephalosporins against biofilms developed by pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli.MethodsThe development of biofilms by both bacteria was assessed using petri-plate and microplate methods. Biofilm hydrolysis and inhibition were tested using first to fourth generations of cephalosporins, and the effects were analyzed by crystal violet staining and phase contrast microscopy.ResultsBoth bacterial strains exhibited well-developed biofilms in petri-plate and microplate assays. Cefradine (first generation) showed 76.78% hydrolysis of S. aureus biofilm, while significant hydrolysis (59.86%) of E. coli biofilm was observed by cefipime (fourth generation). Similarly, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefepime, and cefradine caused 78.8%, 71.63%, 70.63%, and 70.51% inhibition of the S. aureus biofilms, respectively. In the case of E. coli, maximum biofilm inhibition (66.47%) was again shown by cefepime. All generations of cephalosporins were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli, which was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy.Conclusions and relevanceCephalosporins exhibit dual capabilities of hydrolyzing and inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. First-generation cephalosporins exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus, while the third and fourth generations significantly inhibited E. coli biofilms. This study highlights the importance of tailored antibiotic strategies based on the biofilm characteristics of specific bacterial strains.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA

RationaleThe treatment of abscess in the infratemporal space is still controversial and bedside and operative intraoral drainage is often used to resolve the abscess. However, it can be difficult to control the infection quickly.[1] In this report, the authors present a new technique of using transfixion irrigation with negative pressure drainage for minimally invasive management of infratemporal fossa abscess.Patient concernsA 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes complained of painful swelling and trismus in the right lower facial region for 10 days. The patient was weak, with mild anxiety, and gradually aggravated.DiagnosesThe patient was misdiagnosed and received dental pulp treatment for the right mandibular first molar and was given oral cefradine capsules (500 mg 3 times per day). Computed tomography scan and puncture revealed an abscess in the infratemporal fossa.InterventionThe authors used transfixion irrigation with negative pressure drainage from different directions to reach the abscess cavity. Saline solution was infused through 1 tube and allowed to flow out through the other tube to flush out the pus and debris from the abscess.OutcomeOn day 9, the drainage tube was removed and the patient was discharged. One week later, the patient was followed up in the outpatient clinic and the impacted mandibular third molar was removed. This technique is less invasive and leads to faster recovery times and fewer complications.Lessons subsectionsThe report highlights the importance of proper preoperative evaluation, using a thoracic drainage tube as soon as possible, and continuous flushing. A double-lumen drainage tube with a suitable diameter and combined flushing should be designed for future reference. Moreover, the use of drugs can effectively eliminate emboli formation, allowing for faster and more minimally invasive control and removal of the infection.[2].

Abstract licence: CC BY

Abstract Commensal Escherichia coli in livestock represent important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence determinants with potential zoonotic implications. However, genomic data integrating phenotypic resistance and whole-genome characterization of bovine-derived E. coli in Bangladesh remain limited. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genomic characteristics of E. coli isolated from bovine fecal samples collected across three districts of Bangladesh. A total of 92 samples were processed using culture-based identification and biochemical tests, followed by molecular confirmation via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Whole-genome sequencing of a representative isolate was performed using Illumina technology, followed by de novo assembly, annotation, virulence gene detection, plasmid profiling, and in silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST). E. coli was detected in 45 samples (48.91%), with variable prevalence across locations. Molecular confirmation showed ≥ 99% sequence identity with reference strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to amoxicillin, cefradine, and clotrimazole, while susceptibility remained high for imipenem and ceftriaxone. Multidrug resistance was observed in 77.7% of isolates, and 75% exhibited MAR index values > 0.2. Whole-genome sequencing produced a 7.79 Mb assembly containing 7,218 coding sequences and identified multiple virulence genes ( iss, astA, lpfA, air , and eilA ) and IncF-family plasmid replicons (IncFIC, IncFIA, IncFIB, ColRNAI). MLST analysis indicated previously unassigned sequence types. Commensal bovine E. coli in Bangladesh harbor multidrug resistance traits, virulence-associated genes, and mobile plasmids that may facilitate zoonotic transmission and resistance dissemination. These findings provide baseline genomic surveillance data and highlight the need for integrated antimicrobial stewardship and One Health monitoring strategies in livestock systems.

Abstract licence: CC BY