Cefpirome 1g powder for solution for injection vials

Cefpirome is fourth generation cephalosporin class of drug, which facilitates rapid penetration through the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and results in potent activity against Gram-negative pathogens. As fever is one of the most common manifestations in bacterial diseases, the study was undertaken to investigate pharmacokinetics of single dose intravenous and intramuscular administrations of cefpirome (10 mg/kg of body weight) in healthy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced febrile sheep and to perform PK-PD analysis using MIC values reported in previous studies and the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in this study. Following intravenous and intramuscular administrations of cefpirome in healthy sheep, the plasma drug concentration was detected up to 12 h, while plasma drug concentration was detected up to 18 h following intravenous and intramuscular administrations in febrile sheep. Induction of febrile state significantly altered pharmacokinetic profile of cefpirome following intravenous and intramuscular administrations in sheep. Based on pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic integration, an optimal intramuscular dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg once daily for cefpirome in febrile sheep was predicted for targeted average MIC of ≤ 0.25 µg/mL.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA

OBJECTIVE: This study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of orthopedic infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, thereby providing a suggestion for early clinical recognition and optimized managementof such infections in orthopedic clinical practice. METHODS: A retrospective investigation was conducted by collecting general patient information, specimen sources, culture results, and antibiotic susceptibility data from 58 cases of Aeromonas hydrophila infections treated at our hospital between November 2020 and April 2024. RESULTS: The 58 patients with Aeromonas hydrophila infections had a mean age of (50.05 ± 14.97) years, and the majority were workers. 56 cases were associated with traumatic open wounds, with injuries primarily caused by mechanical crushing or lacerations. The patients had an average hospital stay of approximately 33.97 days and underwent an average of 2.66 surgical procedures. In 5.17% of the cases, due to severe limb damage rendering replantation impossible, emergency amputations were performed shortly after admission. 23 cases eventually met the clinical cure criteria, and after improvement, were discharged; however, 5 cases experienced recurrences. 18 cases were monomicrobial A. hydrophila infections, while the remaining 40 cases showed polymicrobial involvement with at least one additional pathogen. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated low resistance rates of A. hydrophila to amikacin, aztreonam, cefpirome, and cefoperazone, whereas resistance rates to cefazolin and ampicillin were higher, with all specimens being resistant to ampicillin. CONCLUSION: Orthopedic infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila predominantly affect middle-aged male industrial and agricultural workers, with the infection risk strongly associated with environmental exposure complexity during injury, particularly during mechanical operations and farming activities. Once infected, the disease progresses rapidly and severely, necessitating multiple surgical interventions. For antibiotic therapy, aminoglycosides and third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins are recommended treatment options, whereas first-generation cephalosporins should be avoided as first-line anti-infective agents.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common clinical diseases worldwide, affecting around 150 million people annually. Despite extensive efforts, the prevalence of UTIs remains high. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from UTI patients at Al-Hussein Hospital, Nasiriyah City, Iraq. A total of 250 urine samples were collected, with 77% of patients being female and 23% male. Age distribution included 13% under 20 years, 33% aged 20-40, 35% aged 40-60, and 19% aged 60 years or older. The most common UTI types included 20% complicated UTIs, 25% uncomplicated UTIs, 30% community-acquired UTIs, and 25% healthcare-associated UTIs. Among the E. coli isolates, antibiotic resistance was observed, with ceftizoxime (CZX 30 mcg) showing the lowest resistance at 21.6%, followed by ceftriaxone (CTR 30 mcg) at 26%, cefpirome (CFP 30 mcg) at 22.8%, and cefepime (CPM 30 mcg) at 12.4%. The highest resistance was found with cefadroxil (CFR 30 mcg) at 30.8%. Additionally, the study detected several virulence and resistance genes, including papAH (8%), saf (10.8%), kps (8%), yfcV (12%), ST131 (20.4%), VAT (11.6%), OqxA (6%), and blaCTX-M (7.2%). These findings emphasize the need for better understanding the genetic makeup of E. coli in UTIs, aiding in the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Abstract licence: CC BY

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant healthcare-associated pathogen. We investigated the antimicrobial interaction pattern between zinc sulfate and antibiotics against K. pneumoniae biofilm on the phenotypic and genotypic levels. METHODS: Determining the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations and the transcriptomic profile of K. pneumoniae biofilm formation genes post-treatment were carried out to evaluate the effect on the phenotypic and genotypic levels, respectively. RESULTS: Zinc enhanced the antibiofilm potentials of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and ertapenem, whereas it antagonizes the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones and meropenem on the phenotypic level. On the molecular level, zinc enhanced the anti-biofilm efficacies of cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime) via down-regulating the expression of biofilm-related genes by 18-, 38-, 5-, 77- and 2-folds, respectively. Zinc in combination with aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, and amikacin) reduced the expression of biofilm-related genes by 40-, 2602- and 20-folds, respectively, and by 2-folds in combination with ertapenem. However, a reduction in the down-regulatory potentials of fluoroquinolones was recorded following combination with zinc by 2-, 2-, 15- and 14-folds, respectively, and an up-regulation in the expression levels of the tested genes by 2-folds in the case of zinc/meropenem combination. CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed variable interaction patterns between different antibiotics in combination with zinc. Current findings also shed light on the antibiofilm potentials of zinc/antibiotics combinations especially when combining zinc with fluoroquinolones or meropenem to avoid their antagonistic effects.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Compounds with an azomethine structure belong to different chemical classes—they are hydrazones, phenylhydrazones, semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, and oximes. Interest in these compounds has been particularly high recently due to the fact that they exhibit a number of biological activities. The presence of an azomethine group has been found to be responsible for the anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-COVID-19, antifungal, antimalarial, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic, antiarthritic, antidepressant, and antiepileptic pharmacological activities. The fragment of the azomethine group is contained in the chemical structure of a large number of drugs with applications in the treatment of various pathologies. Drugs—azomethine derivatives with the following pharmacological effects—are used in therapy: antitumor: mitoguazone, triapine, zorubicin; antiinfective: nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, nifurzide, nifuroxazide, nifuratel; antiviral: metisazone; antiarrhythmic: azimilide; acetylcholinesterase reactivators: pralidoxime, obidoxime, rimedoxime, methoxime; muscle relaxants: dantrolene, azumolene; antiplatelet: carbazochrome; antimigraine: iprazochrome; antidepressants: fluvoxamine; antimicrobial oxime-based cephalosporins—2 nd generation: cefuroxime, cefuzonam, cefteram; 3 rd generation: cefdinir, cefdaloxime, cefixime, ceftizoxime, cefetamet, cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, cefditoren, cefodizime, ceftiofur, cefteram, cefmenoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftiolene, ceftazidime; 4 th generation: cefepime, cefpirome, cefozoprame; 5 th generation: ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, cefiderocol. This article reviews in detail compounds containing Schiff bases and their derivatives, including drugs with an azomethine structure, as well as their biological properties and applications.

Abstract licence: CC BY