Cannabidiol 200mg/ml oral solution
Requires a prescription from a doctor or prescriber
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is one of at least 85 active cannabinoids identified within the Cannabis plant.
Strict controls: safe custody, register required
Legal requirements and restrictions
These are medicines with high potential for misuse but with accepted medical uses. Subject to the strictest controls.
Legal requirements
- Must be stored in a locked controlled drugs cabinet
- Pharmacy must keep a controlled drugs register
- Prescriptions valid for 28 days only
- Prescriptions must include specific details (dose, form, strength, total quantity)
- Cannot be emergency supplied by pharmacists
Other medicines in this category
Morphine, Oxycodone, Fentanyl, Methylphenidate (Ritalin), Amphetamines
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
View Drug Analysis Profile
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Cannabidiol
Browse all iDAP reports
Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles for all medicines
Report a side effect
Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
View EudraVigilance report
Suspected adverse reactions reported for Cannabidiol
About EudraVigilance
Learn about EU pharmacovigilance and safety monitoring
EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and NHS BNF section grouping. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
Clinical guidelines and formulary information
British National Formulary
Cannabidiol
Source: British National Formulary, NICE. Joint Formulary Committee. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
NICE clinical guidance(10)
Cannabidiol with clobazam for treating seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (TA614)
Cannabidiol with clobazam for treating seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (TA615)
Cannabidiol for treating seizures caused by tuberous sclerosis complex (TA873)
Cannabis-based medicinal products (NG144)
Fenfluramine for treating seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in people 2 years and over (TA1050)
Fenfluramine for treating seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (TA808)
Ganaxolone for treating seizures caused by CDKL5 deficiency disorder in people 2 years and over (TA1033)
Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NG217)
Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (QS211)
Multiple sclerosis in adults: management (NG220)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & product information
Official product databases and supply status monitoring
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. emc (electronic medicines compendium) is operated by Datapharm Ltd. Shortage information sourced from NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service (SPS), sps.nhs.uk.
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
Browse tools
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF codes from NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). ATC codes from the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (whocc.no).
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
28 found
Half-life
1.44hr
Mechanism
The exact mechanism of action of CBD and THC is not currently fully understood.
Food interactions
4 warnings
Human targets
39 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Absorption
11-OH
Half-life
1.44hr
Volume of distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
24 to 36 hours
Pharmacokinetic data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
From a pharmacological perspective, Cannabis' (and CBD's) diverse receptor profile explains its potential application for such a wide variety of medical conditions. Cannabis contains more than 400 different chemical compounds, of which 61 are considered cannabinoids, a class of compounds that act upon endogenous cannabinoid receptors of the body [A32584]. Cannabinoid receptors are utilized endogenously by the body through the endocannabinoid system, which includes a group of lipid proteins, enzymes, and receptors that are involved in many physiological processes. Through its modulation of neurotransmitter release, the endocannabinoid system regulates cognition, pain sensation, appetite, memory, sleep, immune function, and mood among many other bodily systems. These effects are largely mediated through two members of the G-protein coupled receptor family, cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2)[A32585][A32824]. CB1 receptors are found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, with the majority of receptors localized to the hippocampus and amygdala of the brain. Physiological effects of using cannabis make sense in the context of its receptor activity as the hippocampus and amygdala are primarily involved with regulation of memory, fear, and emotion. In contrast, CB2 receptors are mainly found peripherally in immune cells, lymphoid tissue, and peripheral nerve terminals [A32676].
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are two types of cannabinoids found naturally in the resin of the marijuana plant, both of which interact with the cannabinoid receptors that are found throughout the body. Although THC and CBD have been the most studied cannabinoids, there are many others identified to date including cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), DB14050 (CBDV), and DB11755 (THCV) that can be found within the medical cannabis [A32830]. While both CBD and THC are used for medicinal purposes, they have different receptor activity, function, and physiological effects. If not provided in their activated form (such as through synthetic forms of THC like DB00470 or DB00486), THC and CBD are obtained through conversion from their precursors, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (THCA-A) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), through decarboxylation reactions. This can be achieved through heating, smoking, vaporization, or baking of dried unfertilized female cannabis flowers.
The primary psychoactive component of Cannabis, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), demonstrates its effects through weak partial agonist activity at Cannabinoid-1 (CB1R) and Cannabinoid-2 (CB2R) receptors. This activity results in the well-known effects of smoking cannabis such as increased appetite, reduced pain, and changes in emotional and cognitive processes. In contrast to THC's weak agonist activity, CBD has been shown to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the most abundant G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) in the body [A32469]. Allosteric regulation is achieved through the modulation of receptor activity on a functionally distinct site from the agonist or antagonist binding site which is clinically significant as direct agonists (such as THC) are limited by their psychomimetic effects such as changes to mood, memory, and anxiety[A32469].
In addition to the well-known activity on CB1 and CB2 receptors, there is further evidence that CBD also activates 5-HT1A/2A/3A serotonergic and TRPV1–2 vanilloid receptors, antagonizes alpha-1 adrenergic and µ-opioid receptors, inhibits synaptosomal uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and cellular uptake of anandamide, acts on mitochondria Ca2+ stores, blocks low-voltage-activated (T-type) Ca2+ channels, stimulates activity of the inhibitory glycine-receptor, and inhibits activity of fatty amide hydrolase (FAAH) [A31555][A31574].
CBD is currently available in Canada within a 1:1 formulation with tetrahydrocannbinol (THC) (as the formulation known as "nabiximols") as the brand name product Sativex. It is approved for use as adjunctive treatment for symptomatic relief of spasticity in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Sativex was also given a conditional Notice of Compliance (NOC/c) for use as adjunctive treatment for the symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain in adult patients with multiple sclerosis and as adjunctive analgesic treatment for moderate to severe pain in adult patients with advanced cancer [L886].
In April 2018, a Food and Drug Administration advisory panel unanimously recommended approval of Epidiolex (cannabidiol oral solution) for the treatment of two rare forms of epilepsy - Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, which are among the two most difficult types of epilepsy to treat [L2721][L2719]. Epidiolex was granted Orphan Drug designation as well as Fast Track Approval from the FDA for further study in these hard to treat conditions. Notably, phase 3 clinical trials of Epidiolex have demonstrated clinically significant improvement in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome [L2720]. On June 25th, 2018, Epidiolex was approved by the FDA to be the first CBD-based product available on the US market.
1) as adjunctive treatment for symptomatic relief of spasticity in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have not responded adequately to other therapy and who demonstrate meaningful improvement during an initial trial of therapy [L886];
Due to the need for confirmatory studies to verify the clinical benefit coupled with the promising nature of the clinical evidence, Sativex was also given a Notice of Compliance with Conditions (NOC/c) by Health Canada for the following indications:
1) as adjunctive treatment for the symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain in adult patients with multiple sclerosis;
2) as adjunctive analgesic treatment in adult patients with advanced cancer who experience moderate to severe pain during the highest tolerated dose of strong opioid therapy for persistent background pain .
[L886]
Known interactions with other medications. Always consult a healthcare professional.
Showing 50 of 1818 interactions
CBD has been shown to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the most abundant G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) in the body [A32469]. Allosteric regulation of a receptor is achieved through the modulation of the activity of a receptor on a functionally distinct site from the agonist or antagonist binding site. The negative allosteric modulatory effects of CBD are therapeutically important as direct agonists are limited by their psychomimetic effects while direct antagonists are limited by their depressant effects [A32469].
How the body processes this drug — absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination
blood levels of THC and other cannabinoids are lower compared with inhalation of smoked cannabis. The resultant concentrations in the blood are lower than those obtained by inhaling the same dose because absorption is slower, redistribution into fatty tissues is rapid and additionally some of the THC undergoes hepatic first pass metabolism to 11-OH-THC, a psycho-active metabolite.
The CBD component of sublingual Sativex was found to have a Tmax of 1.63hr and a Cmax of 2.50ng/mL, while buccal Sativex was found to have a Tmax of 2.80hr and a Cmax of 3.02ng/mL.
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:15620723 PMID:27768894 PMID:27851727
Mediates many cannabinoid-induced effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP .
PMID:1718258 PMID:21895628 PMID:27768894
In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high doses.
At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake.
In the hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity).
In superior cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist-dependent manner .
PMID:17895407
In cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, cannabinoid-induced inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels leads to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone (By similarity). Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes (By similarity).
In the liver, activation by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. Peripherally modulates energy metabolism (By similarity).
In high carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism (By similarity). In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity). In macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta-cells PMID:23955712
PMID:14551753 PMID:23994010 PMID:25730860 PMID:37821459
Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability .
PMID:8298642 PMID:9009272
Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents .
PMID:25445488
Channel activity is potentiated by ethanol .
PMID:25973519
Potentiation of channel activity by intoxicating levels of ethanol contribute to the sedative effects of ethanol (By similarity)
PMID:11929858 PMID:15302677 PMID:16144831 PMID:22715885 PMID:23238346 PMID:25445488 PMID:34473954 PMID:8717357
Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability .
PMID:11929858 PMID:23238346
Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents PMID:25445488
Enzymes involved in drug metabolism — important for understanding drug interactions
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:10064732 PMID:11114332 PMID:16230346 PMID:7961706 PMID:9281595
Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o-glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics .
PMID:10064732 PMID:11114332 PMID:16230346 PMID:7961706 PMID:9281595
Confers resistance to anticancer drugs by decreasing accumulation of drug in cells, and by mediating ATP- and GSH-dependent drug export .
PMID:9281595
Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency .
PMID:16230346
Catalyzes the export of sphingosine 1-phosphate from mast cells independently of their degranulation .
PMID:17050692
Participates in inflammatory response by allowing export of leukotriene C4 from leukotriene C4-synthesizing cells (By similarity). Mediates ATP-dependent, GSH-independent cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) export .
PMID:36070769
Thus, by limiting intracellular cGAMP concentrations negatively regulates the cGAS-STING pathway .
PMID:36070769
Exports S-geranylgeranyl-glutathione (GGG) in lymphoid cells and stromal compartments of lymphoid organs. ABCC1 (via extracellular transport) with GGT5 (via GGG catabolism) establish GGG gradients within lymphoid tissues to position P2RY8-positive lymphocytes at germinal centers in lymphoid follicles and restrict their chemotactic transmigration from blood vessels to the bone marrow parenchyma (By similarity).
Mediates basolateral export of GSH-conjugated R- and S-prostaglandin A2 diastereomers in polarized epithelial cells PMID:9426231
PMID:11306452 PMID:12958161 PMID:19506252 PMID:20705604 PMID:28554189 PMID:30405239 PMID:31003562
Involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from both mitochondria to cytosol and cytosol to extracellular space, it also functions in the cellular export of heme .
PMID:20705604 PMID:23189181
Also mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells .
PMID:20110355
Acts as a urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion .
PMID:19506252 PMID:20368174 PMID:22132962 PMID:31003562 PMID:36749388
In kidney, it also functions as a physiological exporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (By similarity). Also involved in the excretion of steroids like estrone 3-sulfate/E1S, 3beta-sulfooxy-androst-5-en-17-one/DHEAS, and other sulfate conjugates .
PMID:12682043 PMID:28554189 PMID:30405239
Mediates the secretion of the riboflavin and biotin vitamins into milk (By similarity). Extrudes pheophorbide a, a phototoxic porphyrin catabolite of chlorophyll, reducing its bioavailability (By similarity).
Plays an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain (Probable). It confers to cells a resistance to multiple drugs and other xenobiotics including mitoxantrone, pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine, and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin, through the control of their efflux .
PMID:11306452 PMID:12477054 PMID:15670731 PMID:18056989 PMID:31254042
In placenta, it limits the penetration of drugs from the maternal plasma into the fetus (By similarity). May play a role in early stem cell self-renewal by blocking differentiation (By similarity).
In inflammatory macrophages, exports itaconate from the cytosol to the extracellular compartment and limits the activation of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis involved in antibacterial innate immune response
PMID:10722669 PMID:10755314 PMID:12527552 PMID:14759222 PMID:15037197 PMID:17379602 PMID:21795683 PMID:26406980 PMID:27995448 PMID:35790189 PMID:8986748
Functions as a Na(+)-independent transporter .
PMID:8986748
Involved in the transport of nucleosides such as adenosine, guanosine, inosine, uridine, thymidine and cytidine .
PMID:10722669 PMID:10755314 PMID:12527552 PMID:14759222 PMID:15037197 PMID:17379602 PMID:26406980 PMID:8986748
Also transports purine nucleobases (hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine nucleobases (thymine, uracil) .
PMID:21795683 PMID:27995448
Mediates basolateral nucleoside uptake into Sertoli cells, thereby regulating the transport of nucleosides in testis across the blood-testis barrier (By similarity). Regulates inosine levels in brown adipocytes tissues (BAT) and extracellular inosine levels, which controls BAT-dependent energy expenditure PMID:35790189
PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:8898203 PMID:9038218 PMID:35507548
Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins .
PMID:8898203
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells PMID:2897240 PMID:35970996 PMID:9038218
ATC N03AX24
Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Cannabidiol
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
14448
ChemSpider
559095
BindingDB
50318484
PDB
P0T
ZINC
ZINC000004097406
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2159
GenAtlas
CNR1
GeneCards
CNR1
GenBank Gene Database
X54937
GenBank Protein Database
29915
Guide to Pharmacology
56
UniProt Accession
CNR1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2160
GenAtlas
CNR2
GeneCards
CNR2
GenBank Gene Database
X74328
GenBank Protein Database
407807
Guide to Pharmacology
57
UniProt Accession
CNR2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4466
GeneCards
GPR12
Guide to Pharmacology
86
UniProt Accession
GPR12_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4326
GenAtlas
GLRA1
GeneCards
GLRA1
GenBank Gene Database
X52009
GenBank Protein Database
31851
Guide to Pharmacology
423
UniProt Accession
GLRA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4326
GenAtlas
GLRA1
GeneCards
GLRA1
GenBank Gene Database
X52009
GenBank Protein Database
31851
Guide to Pharmacology
423
UniProt Accession
GLRA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4329
GenAtlas
GLRB
GeneCards
GLRB
GenBank Gene Database
U33267
GenBank Protein Database
992687
Guide to Pharmacology
427
UniProt Accession
GLRB_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4328
GenAtlas
GLRA3
GeneCards
GLRA3
GenBank Gene Database
AF017724
GenBank Protein Database
3342792
Guide to Pharmacology
425
UniProt Accession
GLRA3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4472
GenAtlas
GPR18
GeneCards
GPR18
GenBank Gene Database
L42324
GenBank Protein Database
1066731
Guide to Pharmacology
89
UniProt Accession
GPR18_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4511
GeneCards
GPR55
Guide to Pharmacology
109
UniProt Accession
GPR55_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5286
GenAtlas
HTR1A
GeneCards
HTR1A
GenBank Gene Database
M28269
GenBank Protein Database
189928
Guide to Pharmacology
1
UniProt Accession
5HT1A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5293
GenAtlas
HTR2A
GeneCards
HTR2A
GenBank Gene Database
S42168
GenBank Protein Database
36431
Guide to Pharmacology
6
UniProt Accession
5HT2A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1960
GenAtlas
CHRNA7
GeneCards
CHRNA7
GenBank Gene Database
X70297
GenBank Protein Database
496607
Guide to Pharmacology
468
UniProt Accession
ACHA7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8153
GenAtlas
OPRD1
GeneCards
OPRD1
GenBank Gene Database
U07882
GenBank Protein Database
27545517
Guide to Pharmacology
317
UniProt Accession
OPRD_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:8156
GenAtlas
OPRM1
GeneCards
OPRM1
GenBank Gene Database
L25119
GenBank Protein Database
452073
Guide to Pharmacology
319
UniProt Accession
OPRM_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9236
GenAtlas
PPARG
GeneCards
PPARG
GenBank Gene Database
U79012
GenBank Protein Database
1711117
Guide to Pharmacology
595
UniProt Accession
PPARG_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12716
GenAtlas
TRPV1
GeneCards
TRPV1
GenBank Gene Database
AJ277028
GenBank Protein Database
8977866
Guide to Pharmacology
507
UniProt Accession
TRPV1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1394
GenAtlas
CACNA1G
GenBank Gene Database
AF134986
GenBank Protein Database
6625659
Guide to Pharmacology
535
UniProt Accession
CAC1G_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1395
GenAtlas
CACNA1H
GeneCards
CACNA1H
GenBank Gene Database
AF051946
GenBank Protein Database
14670397
Guide to Pharmacology
536
UniProt Accession
CAC1H_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1396
GenAtlas
CACNA1I
GeneCards
CACNA1I
GenBank Gene Database
AF129133
GenBank Protein Database
5565888
Guide to Pharmacology
537
UniProt Accession
CAC1I_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:497
GenAtlas
TRPA1
GeneCards
TRPA1
GenBank Gene Database
Y10601
GenBank Protein Database
3287188
Guide to Pharmacology
485
UniProt Accession
TRPA1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:17961
GenAtlas
TRPM8
GeneCards
TRPM8
GenBank Gene Database
AY090109
GenBank Protein Database
20147036
Guide to Pharmacology
500
UniProt Accession
TRPM8_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:18082
GeneCards
TRPV2
Guide to Pharmacology
508
UniProt Accession
TRPV2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:18084
GenAtlas
TRPV3
GeneCards
TRPV3
GenBank Gene Database
AJ487035
Guide to Pharmacology
509
UniProt Accession
TRPV3_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:18083
GeneCards
TRPV4
Guide to Pharmacology
510
UniProt Accession
TRPV4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12669
GenAtlas
VDAC1
GeneCards
VDAC1
GenBank Gene Database
L06132
UniProt Accession
VDAC1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5297
GenAtlas
HTR3A
GeneCards
HTR3A
GenBank Gene Database
D49394
GenBank Protein Database
681914
Guide to Pharmacology
373
UniProt Accession
5HT3A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:262
GenAtlas
ADORA1
GeneCards
ADORA1
GenBank Gene Database
S45235
GenBank Protein Database
256155
Guide to Pharmacology
18
UniProt Accession
AA1R_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9604
GenAtlas
PTGS1
GeneCards
PTGS1
GenBank Gene Database
M31822
GenBank Protein Database
387018
Guide to Pharmacology
1375
UniProt Accession
PGH1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:9605
GenAtlas
PTGS2
GeneCards
PTGS2
GenBank Gene Database
L15326
GenBank Protein Database
291988
Guide to Pharmacology
1376
UniProt Accession
PGH2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:93
GenAtlas
ACAT1
GeneCards
ACAT1
GenBank Gene Database
D90228
GenBank Protein Database
219918
Guide to Pharmacology
2435
UniProt Accession
THIL_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2593
GenAtlas
CYP17A1
GeneCards
CYP17A1
GenBank Gene Database
M14564
GenBank Protein Database
181342
Guide to Pharmacology
1361
UniProt Accession
CP17A_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:5006
GenAtlas
HMGCR
GeneCards
HMGCR
GenBank Gene Database
M11058
GenBank Protein Database
306865
Guide to Pharmacology
639
UniProt Accession
HMDH_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4623
GenAtlas
GSR
GeneCards
GSR
GenBank Gene Database
X15722
GenBank Protein Database
31825
UniProt Accession
GSHR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4553
GenAtlas
GPX1
GeneCards
GPX1
GenBank Gene Database
Y00433
GenBank Protein Database
577777
UniProt Accession
GPX1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6059
GenAtlas
INDO
GeneCards
IDO1
GenBank Gene Database
M34455
GenBank Protein Database
306956
Guide to Pharmacology
2829
UniProt Accession
I23O1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2874
GenAtlas
NQO1
GeneCards
NQO1
GenBank Gene Database
J03934
GenBank Protein Database
189246
UniProt Accession
NQO1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1516
GenAtlas
CAT
GeneCards
CAT
GenBank Gene Database
X04085
GenBank Protein Database
1228085
UniProt Accession
CATA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11179
GenAtlas
SOD1
GeneCards
SOD1
GenBank Gene Database
L44139
UniProt Accession
SODC_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:19
GeneCards
AANAT
UniProt Accession
SNAT_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:736
GeneCards
NAAA
Guide to Pharmacology
1402
UniProt Accession
NAAA_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2637
GenAtlas
CYP3A4
GeneCards
CYP3A4
GenBank Gene Database
M18907
Guide to Pharmacology
1337
UniProt Accession
CP3A4_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2621
GeneCards
CYP2C19
GenBank Gene Database
M61854
GenBank Protein Database
181344
Guide to Pharmacology
1328
UniProt Accession
CP2CJ_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2596
GenAtlas
CYP1A2
GeneCards
CYP1A2
GenBank Gene Database
Z00036
Guide to Pharmacology
1319
UniProt Accession
CP1A2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2615
GeneCards
CYP2B6
GenBank Gene Database
M29874
GenBank Protein Database
181296
Guide to Pharmacology
1324
UniProt Accession
CP2B6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2623
GenAtlas
CYP2C9
GeneCards
CYP2C9
GenBank Gene Database
AY341248
Guide to Pharmacology
1326
UniProt Accession
CP2C9_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12541
GeneCards
UGT1A9
GenBank Gene Database
S55985
GenBank Protein Database
7690346
UniProt Accession
UD19_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12554
GeneCards
UGT2B7
GenBank Gene Database
J05428
GenBank Protein Database
340080
UniProt Accession
UD2B7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2595
GeneCards
CYP1A1
GenBank Gene Database
K03191
GenBank Protein Database
181276
Guide to Pharmacology
1318
UniProt Accession
CP1A1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2597
GenAtlas
CYP1B1
GeneCards
CYP1B1
GenBank Gene Database
U03688
GenBank Protein Database
501031
Guide to Pharmacology
1320
UniProt Accession
CP1B1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2622
GenAtlas
CYP2C8
GeneCards
CYP2C8
GenBank Gene Database
M17397
Guide to Pharmacology
1325
UniProt Accession
CP2C8_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2625
GenAtlas
CYP2D6
GeneCards
CYP2D6
GenBank Gene Database
M20403
GenBank Protein Database
181350
Guide to Pharmacology
1329
UniProt Accession
CP2D6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2631
GeneCards
CYP2E1
GenBank Gene Database
J02625
GenBank Protein Database
181360
Guide to Pharmacology
1330
UniProt Accession
CP2E1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:1863
GenAtlas
CES1
GeneCards
CES1
GenBank Gene Database
M73499
Guide to Pharmacology
2592
UniProt Accession
EST1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2638
GenAtlas
CYP3A5
GeneCards
CYP3A5
GenBank Gene Database
J04813
GenBank Protein Database
181346
Guide to Pharmacology
1338
UniProt Accession
CP3A5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2610
GenAtlas
CYP2A6
GeneCards
CYP2A6
GenBank Gene Database
X13897
Guide to Pharmacology
1321
UniProt Accession
CP2A6_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12547
GeneCards
UGT2B17
GenBank Gene Database
U59209
GenBank Protein Database
3287473
UniProt Accession
UDB17_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2640
GeneCards
CYP3A7
GenBank Gene Database
D00408
GenBank Protein Database
220149
UniProt Accession
CP3A7_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2634
GeneCards
CYP2J2
GenBank Gene Database
U37143
GenBank Protein Database
18254513
Guide to Pharmacology
1332
UniProt Accession
CP2J2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:12539
GeneCards
UGT1A7
UniProt Accession
UD17_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:19
GeneCards
AANAT
UniProt Accession
SNAT_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:3553
GenAtlas
FAAH
GeneCards
FAAH
GenBank Gene Database
U82535
GenBank Protein Database
2149156
Guide to Pharmacology
1400
UniProt Accession
FAAH1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:435
GenAtlas
ALOX5
GeneCards
ALOX5
GenBank Gene Database
J03600
GenBank Protein Database
187193
Guide to Pharmacology
1385
UniProt Accession
LOX5_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:433
GenAtlas
ALOX15
GeneCards
ALOX15
GenBank Gene Database
M23892
GenBank Protein Database
307135
Guide to Pharmacology
1388
UniProt Accession
LOX15_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:2419
GenAtlas
CRYZ
GeneCards
CRYZ
GenBank Gene Database
L13278
GenBank Protein Database
292415
UniProt Accession
QOR_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:51
GenAtlas
ABCC1
GeneCards
ABCC1
GenBank Gene Database
L05628
GenBank Protein Database
1835659
Guide to Pharmacology
779
UniProt Accession
MRP1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:74
GenAtlas
ABCG2
GeneCards
ABCG2
GenBank Gene Database
AF103796
GenBank Protein Database
4185796
Guide to Pharmacology
792
UniProt Accession
ABCG2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11003
GenAtlas
SLC29A1
GeneCards
SLC29A1
GenBank Gene Database
U81375
GenBank Protein Database
1845345
Guide to Pharmacology
1117
UniProt Accession
S29A1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:40
GenAtlas
ABCB1
GeneCards
ABCB1
GenBank Gene Database
M14758
GenBank Protein Database
307180
Guide to Pharmacology
768
UniProt Accession
MDR1_HUMAN
Patent information
32 active patents, 1 expired
Source: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0. Patent data sourced from national patent offices. Expiry dates may not reflect extensions, regulatory exclusivity periods, or legal challenges.
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications: