Calcium lactate gluconate 2.263g / Calcium carbonate 1.75g effervescent tablets sugar free

Calcium can be added to cheese milk to influence the coagulation process and to increase cheese yield. Calcium compounds used in the dairy industry show substantial differences in their practical application. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential use of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg Ca 100 g−1 of milk in the form of calcium gluconate, lactate, and carbonate as alternatives to calcium chloride in manufacturing fresh acid rennet cheese from high-pasteurized (90 °C, 15 s) goat’s milk. The pH value of the cheese was reduced most strongly by the addition of increasing doses of calcium lactate (r = −0.9521). Each cheese sample showed increased fat content with the addition of calcium. Only calcium chloride did not reduce protein retention from goat’s milk to cheese. The addition of 20 mg Ca 100 g−1 of milk in the form of gluconate increased cheese yield by 4.04%, and lactate reduced cheese yield by 2.3%. Adding each calcium compound to goat’s milk significantly increased Ca and P levels in the cheese (p ≤ 0.05). The highest Ca levels were found in cheese with the addition of 20 mg Ca 100 g−1 of milk in the form of lactate. In all groups, similar contents of Mn, Mo, and Se were found. Calcium addition significantly affected cheese hardness, while higher calcium concentrations increased hardness. Carbonate caused the greatest increase in the cohesiveness of cheese. The addition of calcium compounds increased the adhesiveness and springiness of cheese compared to controls. The cheese with calcium chloride had the highest overall acceptability compared to the other cheese samples. The addition of calcium carbonate resulted in a lower score for appearance and consistency, and influenced a slightly perceptible graininess, sandiness, and stickiness in its consistency, as well as provided a slightly perceptible chalky taste.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Background: (turmeric), exhibits strong metal-chelating properties through its β-diketone structure. This study explores the use of curcumin as a natural and sustainable chelating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of calcium in pharmaceutical formulations. Method: Curcumin was extracted from turmeric rhizomes collected from different altitudes in Nepal using ethanol and was allowed to form a stable color complex with various calcium-containing drugs, such as calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, and calcium docusate. The method was optimized by adjusting reagent volume, pH, and buffer volume. Validation was carried out according to ICH guidelines, evaluating linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The environmental impact was assessed using Green Analytical Procedure Index, Analytical Eco-Scale, and AGREES tools. The Click Analytical Chemistry Index was used to analyze overall sustainability, while the Carbon Footprint Reduction Index was applied to evaluate the prime environmental impact of the already developed analytical laboratory procedures. Results: The highest curcumin yield was from the Kaski region. The optimized method produced a stable yellow-orange complex with maximum absorbance at 430 nm. It demonstrated high precision (%RSD < 2%), accuracy (recovery: 101.63% and 102.01%), and robustness with a stable reaction lasting up to 4 h. The environmental assessment confirmed its sustainability and eco-friendliness, with a very good score reflecting minimal solvent use and no hazardous waste. Conclusions: This study successfully developed a green, cost-effective, and reliable method for calcium analysis in pharmaceutical products using curcumin as a natural reagent. Its simplicity and environmental sustainability make it a promising alternative to conventional techniques for calcium analysis.

Abstract licence: CC BY

This study investigates the complex dynamics of calcium absorption from various sources in the presence of ferrous salts, with a focus on the roles of lactate and gluconate anions. Using a Caco-2 cell model, we examined the absorption of calcium chloride, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate, and the effects of corresponding ferrous salts on their absorption. Calcium lactate demonstrated the highest absorption rate (6.03 % ± 0.7 %), followed by calcium gluconate (5.40 % ± 0.58 %) and calcium chloride (4.97 % ± 0.23 %). The presence of ferrous salts generally inhibited calcium absorption, with varied degree of inhibition according to different combinations of calcium and iron salts. Analysis of calcium transport pathways revealed that ferrous salts did not significantly affect TRPV6 and claudin-2 expression but decreased calbindin-D9k expression, potentially reducing intracellular calcium retention. The study also found that ferrous salts downregulated DMT1 expression, suggesting a compensatory response to excessive iron uptake. Kinetic studies of intracellular calcium uptake showed that calcium chloride had the fastest uptake rate, followed by calcium lactate and calcium gluconate. The addition of ferrous salts generally slowed calcium uptake, but lactate and gluconate anions mitigated this inhibitory effect, may due to the weaker oxidative stress levels. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of calcium absorption in the presence of iron and highlight the potential of hydroxycarboxylates in optimizing mineral supplementation strategies. The results have important implications for the development of more effective and compatible mineral supplements, particularly in addressing concurrent calcium and iron deficiencies.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

There is a widespread belief that organic sodium salts included in intravenous solutions serve as bicarbonate precursors, and that this mechanism explains their effects on plasma pH. We aimed to explain why the effect of organic anions, such as citrate, acetate, gluconate, and lactate on the acid-base balance is independent of bicarbonate generation. For this purpose, we mainly focused on regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). The sodium load provided with these buffers and its contribution to the plasma strong ion difference is a more suitable model for explaining and predicting their alkalinizing effect. Moreover, the bicarbonate generated from the metabolization of these buffers via the Krebs cycle results from CO2 dissolution in water, and thus yields bicarbonate together with a proton (H+). As such, metabolization of these buffers does not cause alkalosis per se.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

The impact of four distinct calcium sources on the microbial solidification of sand in the Kashi Desert, Xinjiang, was investigated. A wind tunnel test over a 60-day period revealed the cracking behavior of four different complex calcium nutrient solutions. By comparing the bearing capacity and the results from dry-wet cycling and freeze-thaw cycle tests, it was concluded that the sample treated with calcium gluconate exhibited superior sand fixation performance, whereas the sample treated with calcium acetate showed weaker sand fixation effects. The microstructure of the treated sand samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Elemental analysis was conducted via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and functional groups were identified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These experimental findings hold significant implications for soil remediation, pollutant removal in soil, enhancement of soil fertility, and desert soil stabilization.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND