Benzocaine 1% / Mepyramine 0.5% spray

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Topical anesthetic agents are widely used in the field of pediatric dentistry to reduce pain and apprehension during administration of local anesthesia. Various topical anesthetic agents are available, among which the most commonly used ones are lignocaine and benzocaine. Hence we planned this study to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of topical anesthesia on needle insertion pain during administration of inferior alveolar nerve block. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This double blind clinical study included 30 children of 4-8 years of age who were divided equally into two groups: Group A-2% lignocaine hydrochloride gel (Lox 2%) and Group B-20% benzocaine gel (ProGel-B). The intervention involved assessment of pain perception by the child during administration of inferior alveolar nerve block. The child's pain assessment was done using modified Wong-Baker pain rating scale. The ratings were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: value -0.000). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that there is a highly significant difference between the topical anesthetic effectiveness of 2% lignocaine and 20% benzocaine on needle insertion pain in inferior alveolar nerve block. Twenty percent benzocaine showed better results than 2% lignocaine in reducing the needle insertion pain.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA

-GO/CPE exhibits high sensitivity and good stability towards the sensing of BEN and ANT and has the potential to be utilised as a clinical assay and QA in pharmaceutical products.

Abstract licence: CC BY

Acceptance of the possibility of pain in animals usually requires that various criteria are fulfilled. One such criterion is that a noxious stimulus or wound would elicit directed rubbing or grooming at the site of the stimulus. There is also an expectation that local anaesthetics would reduce these responses to damage. These expectations have been fulfilled in decapod crustaceans but there has been criticism of a lack of replication. Here, we report an experiment on the effects of a noxious chemical, sodium hydroxide, applied to one eyestalk of the glass prawn. This caused an immediate escape tail-flick response. It then caused nipping and picking with the chelipeds at the treated eyestalk but much less so at the alternative eyestalk. Prior treatment with benzocaine also caused an immediate tail-flick and directed behaviour, suggesting that this agent is aversive. Subsequently, however, it reduced the directed behaviour caused by caustic soda. We thus demonstrated responses that are consistent with the idea of pain in decapod crustaceans.

Abstract licence: CC BY

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy and determine the lowest effective concentration in the guppy, Poecilia vivipara. Fishes were exposed to benzocaine, tricaine methanesulfonate and eugenol at three different concentrations. After induction, they were transferred to an aquarium free of anesthetic for evaluating their recovery time. At the lowest concentration of the three anesthetics (50 mg L−1), fish did not reach complete induction. Time to accomplish a light sedation stage was significantly negative-related with concentration using tricaine (145 ± 13.4 s with 50 mg L−1 to 4.7 ± 0.7 s with 200 mg L−1) and benzocaine (152.8 ± 13 s with 50 mg L−1 to 4.0 ± 0.9 s with 200 mg L−1). For eugenol, significant differences were found between the lowest concentration, 50 mg L−1 (241 ± 57.6 s) with 100 mg L−1 (13.3 ± 3.9 s) and 200 mg L−1 (9.5 ± 2.6 s). Recovery times were significantly longer (P < 0.05) with the increase of eugenol concentration from 100 mg L−1 to 200 mg L−1, with no differences found between the different concentrations of benzocaine and tricaine. Complete induction times were significantly greater (P < 0.05) when using eugenol comparing with the other two anesthetic agents in fish exposed at the highest concentrations (200 mg L−1). This parameter showed a great dispersion when using eugenol at this concentration. Three fish exposed to 200 mg L−1 of eugenol did not recovered from the anesthetic after 180 s and presented ventilatory failure. Significantly shorter recovery times (P < 0.05) were found using tricaine comparing with eugenol (120 ± 24.8 s and 163.5 ± 57.1 s, respectively) at the higher concentration (200 mg L−1). The optimum dose rates of benzocaine and tricaine for induction within the efficacy criteria stated in this study was 200 mg L−1. It can be concluded these anesthetics are the more effective ones, being benzocaine more economically affordable for large-scale use on handling P. vivipara.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND