Aspirin 325mg / Caffeine 15mg tablets

BackgroundThe association between coffee or caffeine intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors has been extensively researched. However, there has been conflicting evidence. Therefore, the current updated meta-analysis assessed the relationship between coffee or caffeine with CVDs, such as coronary heart diseases (CHDs), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, cardiac arrhythmias, and CVD mortality.MethodsFive electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus, were extensively searched for all records published between January 2000 and December 2025. Studies were included if they examined the effects of coffee on any CVD and reported the associations in terms of the hazard ratio (HR), relative risk (RR), or odds ratio (OR). Moreover, quality appraisal was conducted using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for case-control studies.ResultsAfter exclusions, 38 studies involving 2,856,002 participants were reviewed and analyzed. The pooled analysis showed no significant associations between coffee consumption and total CHDs or HF, when comparing the highest and lowest coffee consumption categories (HR: 0.98; p = 0.80 and HR: 1.03; p = 0.62, respectively). In contrast, the pooled results showed a significant positive association between higher coffee consumption and the risk of developing MI (OR: 1.48; p ConclusionHigher coffee intake might increase the risk of MI, but can also offer protective effects against stroke and cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, higher caffeine intake can reduce the risk of CVD mortality in hypertensive patients.Clinical trial registrationPROSPERO: CRD420251073620.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Background and objectives: As one of the most popular beverages in the world, coffee has long been known to affect bowel functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. Recent evidence obtained in human and animal studies suggests that coffee has modulating impacts on gut microbiota. We aim to present an overview of the specific effects of coffee on gut microbiota composition, diversity, and growth. We will also critically review the impacts of coffee on bowel functions in health and diseases and discuss whether gut microbiota play a role in the coffee-associated functional changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: We searched the literature up to June 2024 through PubMed, Web of Science, and other sources using search terms such as coffee, caffeine, microbiota, gastrointestinal infection, motility, secretion, gut-brain axis, absorption, and medication interaction. Clinical research in patients and preclinical studies in rodent animals were included. Results: A majority of the studies found that moderate consumption of coffee (Bifidobacterium spp. and decreased the abundance of Enterobacteria. Coffee consumption is reported to increase gut microbiota diversity. Although the effects of coffee on bowel functions have been known for a long time, it is not until recently that we have recognized that some of the effects of coffee may be partly due to its impacts on microbiota. Conclusions: The current literature suggests that moderate coffee consumption has beneficial effects on oral and gut microbiota and motility function. However, excessive coffee intake (>5 cups a day) is implicated in reflux disorders, periodontal diseases, and progression of Crohn's disease. Further research in the field is needed, as there are many conflicting results regarding the impacts of coffee in the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract licence: CC BY