Apple mistletoe 1micrograms/1ml with Mercuric sulfate solution for injection ampoules

Muscular strength and endurance are vital for physical fitness. While mistletoe extract has shown efficacy in significantly increasing muscle strength and endurance, its accessibility is limited. This study explores combining mistletoe and apple peel extracts as an effective muscle health supplement. Analyses of histology, RNA, and protein in the combined extract-treated mouse group demonstrated significant enhancements in muscle strength and endurance, evidenced by larger muscle fibers, improved mitochondrial function, and a higher ratio of type I and IIa muscle fibers. Combining half doses of each extract resulted in greater improvements than using each extract separately, indicating a synergistic effect. Pathway analysis suggests that the observed synergy arises from complementary mechanisms, with a mistletoe extract-induced decrease in myostatin (MSTN) and an apple peel extract-induced increase in IGF1, leading to a sharp rise in AKT, S6K, and MuRF1, which promote myogenesis, along with a significant increase in PGC-1α, TFAM, and MEF2C, which are critical for mitochondrial biogenesis. This research provides practical insights into developing cost-effective, natural supplements to enhance muscle performance and endurance, with potential applications in athletic performance, improving muscle growth and endurance in children, and addressing age-related muscle decline.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Abstract Synthetic chemicals with high environmental persistence, including anionic surfactants and heavy metals, pose significant risks to freshwater ecosystems. This study evaluated the sublethal toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina , a widely used ecotoxicological model. Median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were determined over 96 hours, revealing a time- and dose-dependent toxicity, with SDS (LC 50  = 45.27 µg/L) exhibiting higher acute toxicity than HgCl₂ (LC 50  = 229.16 µg/L). Sublethal concentrations (5, 10, 25 µg/L) were used to assess locomotor behavior, reproduction, regeneration, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Both SDS and HgCl₂ impaired locomotion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with partial recovery after prolonged exposure, indicating potential neurophysiological compensation. Reproductive performance was severely affected, with reduced fecundity and fertility, prolonged cocoon hatching times, and complete inhibition of viable cocoons at higher concentrations. Regeneration assays revealed that SDS delayed head and eye regeneration primarily after day 3, whereas HgCl₂ induced rapid and sustained inhibition from day 2 onward. AChE activity exhibited compound-specific alterations: HgCl₂ induced a biphasic response (initial stimulation followed by suppression), whereas SDS caused sustained activation. These multifaceted effects indicate disruption of neurochemical balance, reproductive physiology, and stem cell-mediated regeneration. Collectively, the findings highlight the ecological risks of SDS and HgCl₂, emphasizing the sensitivity of planarians as sentinel species for detecting sublethal toxicological effects in freshwater environments. This study underscores the importance of evaluating behavioral, reproductive, regenerative, and biochemical endpoints to support comprehensive environmental risk assessments and inform regulatory policies on emerging pollutants.

Abstract licence: CC BY 4.0

Rose apple is one of the horticultural commodities favored by the Indonesian people. Cultivation using planter bags is popular due to several advantages, such as faster fruiting and shorter plants, making them easier to harvest. Proper care, especially in the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, greatly influences the results expected by farmers. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of manure and potassium sulfate on plant height, stem diameter, number of new leaf shoots, and leaf greenness. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with observations every 14 days. The results showed that the combination of fertilizers affected the number of new leaf shoots on rose apple plants (Syzygium aqueum). The best treatment was KH6 (100 grams of potassium sulfate, 200 grams of goat manure, and 200 grams of cow manure), but it was not significantly different from KH2 (150 grams of potassium sulfate, 250 grams of goat manure, and 250 grams of cow manure) and KH8 (150 grams of potassium sulfate, 150 grams of goat manure, and 150 grams of cow manure). The combination of fertilizers also affected leaf greenness at 14 DAT but did not affect it at 28 DAT and 42 DAT. The H2 treatment (200 grams of goat manure and 200 grams of cow manure) produced the greenest leaves compared to all other treatments but was not significantly different from KH3 (100 grams of potassium sulfate, 250 grams of goat manure, and 250 grams of cow manure).

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0