Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution (Formula A) 500ml bags

BackgroundDapagliflozin (DAPA) has shown major nephroprotective effects, improving kidney metabolism and oxigenation. Lipidomics and metabolomics are powerful tools for understanding such effects, providing a comprehensive look at how SGLT2 inhibitors might change the metabolic landscape beyond their primary glucose-lowering action. We investigated changes in plasma metabolomic/lipidomic profile and urinary excretion of metabolites that could occur independent of increased diuresis.MethodsA two-armed, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted in subjects with type 2 diabetes and hypertension who received treatment with DAPA 10 mg/day or hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day for four weeks. Lipidomics and metabolomics were performed by high resolution mass spectrometry in fasting plasma and 24-hour urine samples collected before and after treatment.ResultsCompared to hydrochlorothiazide, DAPA significantly increased plasma isoleucine, methionine, citrate, β-hydroxybutyrate and decreased lactate. DAPA induced plasma lipid remodeling towards a significant raise in free fatty acids (FFAs) and some sphingomyelins and lysophosphatidylcholines containing these fatty acids. A significant change was observed in plasma medium- and short-chain acylcarnitines, positively correlated with changes in plasma FFAs and β-hydroxybutyrate. In addition, DAPA, but not hydrochlorothiazide, significantly increased 24-h urinary excretion of several amino-acids, lactate, TCA cycle metabolites, β-hydroxybutyrate and electrolytes, except for a decrease in malate excretion.ConclusionsDAPA treatment has major effects on the plasma lipidomic and the urine metabolomic profiles, with significant increased renal excretion of several metabolites, especially amino-acids, independently of increased diuresis. These data offer insights into the complex metabolic pathways leading to kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors.Clinical trial informationEuropean Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials No. 2015-004164-11.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

The removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets has driven research into alternative feed additives to optimize production performance in laying hens. Among these alternatives, dietary organic acids (OAs) have gained significant attention due to their antimicrobial properties, ability to modulate intestinal acidity, and role in enhancing nutrient utilization. This review comprehensively examines the effects of OAs supplementation on egg production and quality, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, fecal and intestinal microbiota, and bone health in laying hens. Studies indicate that various OAs supplementation improves egg production and quality. Additionally, OAs contribute to superior eggshell quality by enhancing calcium and protein absorption. The physiological benefits of OAs supplementation include improved intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, and immune and physiological responses. On the other hand, the effectiveness of OAs varies depending on the type of acid, dosage, environmental conditions, and interactions with feed ingredients or additives. This review consolidates current findings to provide practical insights into the application of OAs as a viable alternative to AGPs in commercial laying hen production.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC