Alanine powder
Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma.
Official documents, adverse reaction reporting, and safety monitoring
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Official medicine documents
Safety monitoring data
Yellow Card reports
The MHRA Yellow Card scheme collects reports of suspected side effects from healthcare professionals and patients. View the Drug Analysis Profile (iDAP) for real-world adverse reaction data.
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Suspected adverse reactions reported for Alanine
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Submit a Yellow Card report to the MHRA
Data from the MHRA Yellow Card scheme. A reported reaction does not necessarily mean the medicine caused it. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
EudraVigilance
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) collects suspected adverse reaction reports from across the EU/EEA through the EudraVigilance system. Search for safety data on this medicine.
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EudraVigilance data is published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). A suspected adverse reaction is not necessarily caused by the medicine.
1 branded products available
Therapeutically similar medicines
Similarity is based on WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and on a factual NHS dm+d therapeutic-grouping code prefix. Source data: NHS dm+d via TRUD (OGL v3.0), WHO ATC/DDD Index.
NHS prescribing volume and spending trends
Guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE clinical guidance(15)
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Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management (NG133)
Source: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check stock at pharmacies and supply information
Pharmacy stock checkers
Search for this medicine at major UK pharmacy chains. These links open the retailer's own website — results depend on their current online catalogue.
Supply & safety information
Official UK regulator monitoring and safety alerts
Pharmacy links redirect to the retailer's own search and do not represent real-time stock levels. Shortage and safety information sourced from MHRA drug safety updates (gov.uk, Crown Copyright under OGL v3.0).
Codes for healthcare professionals and prescribing systems
These codes are used by healthcare IT systems and prescribers to identify this medicine.
NHS UK identifiers
SNOMED CT and dm+d codes from NHS TRUD (Technology Reference data Update Distribution), licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. BNF code shown is the factual mapping value distributed by NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) in the dm+d supplementary file under OGL v3.0; it is not affiliated with, nor licensed from, the publishers of the British National Formulary.
Active and completed clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data accessed via ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Trial information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Academic studies and reviews for this medicine's active substance
Showing the 50 most relevant studies.
Reviews & meta-analyses: 18 · Randomised trials: 2 · 1952–2026
Showing the 50 most relevant studies, sorted by most relevant.
Bryan Saunders, Kirsty J. Elliott‐Sale, Guilherme Giannini Artioli, et al.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016
- Dietary Supplements
- Carnosine
- beta-Alanine
A. Fraser, Ross J. Harris, N. Sattar, et al.
Diabetes Care, 2009
- Alanine Transaminase
- Diabetes Mellitus
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Ruth M. Hobson, Bryan Saunders, Graham Ball, et al.
Amino Acids, 2012
- Exercise
- Dietary Supplements
- Carnosine
Anutthaman Parthasarathy, Michael A. Savka, André O. Hudson
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019
Liang W, Kong D, Wang Y, et al.
2026
Philip Felig
Metabolism, 1973
- Gluconeogenesis
- Alanine
- Amino Acids
Xing‐Jiu Huang, Yang‐Kyu Choi, Hyungsoon Im, et al.
Sensors, 2006
Kim Morrison, Gregory A. Weiss
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2001
- Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
- Alanine
- Models, Molecular
R. K. Schindhelm, M. Diamant, J. Dekker, et al.
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 2006
- Adipose Tissue
- Alanine Transaminase
- Cardiovascular Diseases
Eric T. Trexler, Abbie E. Smith‐Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stout, et al.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2015
- Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Carnosine
- Fatigue
Sources: aggregated from Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI), OpenAlex, Crossref, PubMed and other open scholarly databases. Retracted articles are excluded. Study information is provided for research purposes and does not constitute medical advice.
Pharmacology and chemical data from DrugBank
Key facts
Drug status
Approved
Major interactions
None known
Half-life
Not available
Mechanism
L-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma.
Food interactions
None known
Human targets
13 targets
Data: DrugBank · CC BY-NC 4.0
Pharmacokinetics at a glance
Proteins and enzymes this drug interacts with in the body
PMID:10407778 PMID:15528998
Can also convert delta-aminovalerate and beta-alanine (By similarity)
PMID:10960483 PMID:12777626 PMID:23229545 PMID:24055001 PMID:26149463
Also catalyzes the transamination between L-serine and pyruvate and contributes to gluconeogenesis from the L-serine metabolism PMID:10347152
PMID:18650437 PMID:29097656 PMID:31101807
The persulfide is then transferred on the flexible Cys loop from the catalytic site of NFS1 to the surface of NFS1 .
PMID:29097656
After the NFS1-linked persulfide sulfur is transferred to one of the conserved Cys residues of the scaffold, a reaction assisted by FXN (By similarity). The core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex is involved in the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster, the first step of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. This process is initiated by the cysteine desulfurase complex (NFS1:LYRM4:NDUFAB1) that produces persulfide which is delivered on the scaffold protein ISCU in a FXN-dependent manner.
Then this complex is stabilized by FDX2 which provides reducing equivalents to accomplish the [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly. Finally, the [2Fe-2S] cluster is transferred from ISCU to chaperone proteins, including HSCB, HSPA9 and GLRX5 (By similarity)
PMID:12527723 PMID:12809675 PMID:19549785
May be involved in the efflux from the lysosomal compartment of neutral amino acids resulting from proteolysis (By similarity). May play a role in specifying sites for exocytosis in neurons (By similarity)
Proteins that transport this drug across cell membranes
PMID:11827462 PMID:18337592 PMID:28754537
Mediates both uptake and efflux of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4) with high affinity, suggesting a role in the homeostasis of thyroid hormone levels .
PMID:18337592
Responsible for low affinity bidirectional transport of the aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) .
PMID:11827462 PMID:28754537
Plays an important role in homeostasis of aromatic amino acids (By similarity)
Involved compounds
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
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Chemical identifiers
CAS, UNII, InChI Key and database cross-references
Linked compound data from DrugBank Open Data (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Alanine
Additional database identifiers
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
2959
Drugs Product Database (DPD)
2963
ChemSpider
5735
BindingDB
50000099
PDB
ALA
Guide to Pharmacology
720
ZINC
ZINC000004658553
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:23
GenAtlas
ABAT
GeneCards
ABAT
GenBank Gene Database
L32961
GenBank Protein Database
602705
Guide to Pharmacology
2464
UniProt Accession
GABT_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:341
GenAtlas
AGXT
GeneCards
AGXT
GenBank Gene Database
X56092
GenBank Protein Database
36582
UniProt Accession
AGT1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:4552
GenAtlas
GPT
GeneCards
GPT
GenBank Gene Database
U70732
GenBank Protein Database
1763096
UniProt Accession
ALAT1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:15910
GenAtlas
NFS1
GeneCards
NFS1
GenBank Gene Database
AF097025
GenBank Protein Database
24042327
UniProt Accession
NFS1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:18761
GenAtlas
SLC36A1
GeneCards
SLC36A1
GenBank Gene Database
AF516142
GenBank Protein Database
31324239
Guide to Pharmacology
1161
UniProt Accession
S36A1_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:11066
GenAtlas
SLC7A8
GeneCards
SLC7A8
GenBank Gene Database
AF171669
GenBank Protein Database
6642960
UniProt Accession
LAT2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:14412
GenAtlas
AGXT2
GeneCards
AGXT2
GenBank Gene Database
AJ292204
GenBank Protein Database
12406973
UniProt Accession
AGT2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:20
GenAtlas
AARS
GeneCards
AARS1
GenBank Gene Database
D32050
GenBank Protein Database
1015321
UniProt Accession
SYAC_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:10942
GenAtlas
SLC1A4
GeneCards
SLC1A4
GenBank Gene Database
L14595
GenBank Protein Database
348012
UniProt Accession
SATT_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:6469
GenAtlas
KYNU
GeneCards
KYNU
GenBank Gene Database
U57721
GenBank Protein Database
1323715
UniProt Accession
KYNU_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:21022
GenAtlas
AARS2
GeneCards
AARS2
GenBank Gene Database
AB033096
GenBank Protein Database
6331226
UniProt Accession
SYAM_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:28249
GenAtlas
AGXT2L2
GeneCards
PHYKPL
GenBank Gene Database
AF318375
GenBank Protein Database
18027842
UniProt Accession
AT2L2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:18062
GenAtlas
GPT2
GeneCards
GPT2
GenBank Gene Database
AY029173
GenBank Protein Database
19046894
UniProt Accession
ALAT2_HUMAN
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)
HGNC:17027
GeneCards
SLC16A10
GenBank Gene Database
AB057445
GenBank Protein Database
18640047
UniProt Accession
MOT10_HUMAN
DrugBank citations
If you use DrugBank data in your research, please cite the following publications:
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Structured knowledge from the free knowledge base
Linked open data from Wikidata (Q106345485), a free and open knowledge base operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Data is available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication.